Details of a Researcher - MATSUMURA Hirofumi

Papers - MATSUMURA Hirofumi

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Fragmentary and dispersed: preadult personhood and social memory in a Southeast Asian forager cemetery

Brianna J Muir, Trinh H Hiep, Hallie R Buckley, Kate Domett, Anna Willis, Hirofumi Matsumura, Tran T Minh, Nguyen Lan Cuong, Nghia T Huu, Marc F Oxenham

Hunter Gatherer Research ( Liverpool University Press ) 1 - 38 2024.11 [Refereed]

Bioarchaeological analyses of preadults provide a wealth of information about past lifeways and social structures, including aspects of personhood. However, studies of personhood and childhood in archaeological hunter-gatherer (or forager) contexts remain limited, particularly for Southeast Asia. Here, we explore aspects of personhood and the lived experiences of preadults at Con Co Ngua, an early seventh millennium BP sedentary hunter-gatherer community in northern Vietnam. We approach this analysis by way of our knowledge of skeletal representation, grave construction, body positioning, corpse manipulation (including extensive mutilation of certain individuals), and the integration of previous research into lifeways and environment. The results of our analyses provide support for a degree of differential preadult mortuary treatment, primarily manifested through body treatment and positioning. However, interpretations of these treatments are complicated by the highly fragmented and disaggregated nature of the majority of preadult burials. We contend that the comparatively more dispersed and fragmentary nature of the preadult burials at the site is caused by intentional human action at the site, rather than differential preservation or recovery biases, and such apparent biases may actually stem from deliberate human intervention. That is, socially appropriate mortuary treatments regarding constructions of personhood, social memory, or collective identity may have led to the dispersal of preadults throughout the mortuary contexts of the site. More broadly, the mortuary evidence from Con Co Ngua supports the conclusion that all of those buried at Con Co Ngua were bestowed some degree of personhood by their community, as demonstrated through the inclusion of all in the cemetery, from foetuses to elderly adults.

Bioclimatic and masticatory influences on human cranial diversity verified by analysis of 3D morphometric homologous models

Hirofumi Matsumura, Martin Friess, Makiko Kouchi, Toyohisa Tanijiri, Chris Stringer, Gisselle Garcia, Tsunehiko Hanihara, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Daisuke Suzuki

Scientific Reports ( Springer Science and Business Media LLC ) 14 ( 1 ) 2024.11 [Refereed]

Authorship： Lead author , Corresponding author

High prevalence of adult and nonadult scurvy in an early agricultural transition site from <scp>Mainland Southeast Asia</scp> was associated with decreased survivorship

Melandri Vlok, Marc Oxenham, Kate Domett, Hiep Hoang Trinh, Tran Thi Minh, Mai Huong Nguyen, Hirofumi Matsumura, Hallie Buckley

American Journal of Biological Anthropology ( Wiley ) 185 ( 2 ) 2024.08 [Refereed]

Abstract Objectives The osteological paradox recognizes that the presence of lesions is not always directly related with increased mortality. When combined with the clinical, historical, and epidemiological literature on scurvy, survivorship analysis, a form of statistical analysis to assess the relationship between the presence of diseases in the archeological record and survival, helps determine the overall burden of the disease both in terms of morbidity and mortality. This article explores the relationship between scurvy and survivorship in 26 adults from Man Bac, a Neolithic site from northern Vietnam together with prepublished evidence of scurvy in the nonadult population (n = 44). Methods Diagnosis of scurvy included differential diagnosis combined with the Snoddy, A. M. E., Buckley, H. R., Elliott, G. E., Standen, V. G., Arriaza, B. T., & Halcrow, S. E. (2018). Macroscopic features of scurvy in human skeletal remains: A literature synthesis and diagnostic guide. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 167(4), 876–895. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23699 threshold criteria and the Brickley, M. B., & Morgan, B. (2023). Assessing diagnostic certainty for scurvy and rickets in human skeletal remains. American Journal of Biological Anthropology, 181, 637–645 diagnostic certainty approaches. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were produced to assess the relationship between the presence of probable scurvy and age‐at‐death. Results The prevalence of probable scurvy in adults (35%) was considerably lower than reported for the nonadults (80%). Almost all lesions observed in the adults were in a mixed stage of healing. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated no difference in survivorship between infants and children (<15 years) with or without probable scurvy, whereas a meaningful difference was observed for the adults and adolescents (15+ years). Conclusions The findings demonstrate that scurvy considerably decreased survivorship to older age categories. The degree of lesion remodeling, however, indicates that scurvy was not necessarily the direct cause of death but contributed to an overall disease burden that was ultimately fatal.

Prevalent vertebral compression fractures in the lower thoracolumbar spine of the Okhotsk culture human remains from the Moyoro shell mound site, Hokkaido in Japan.

Daisuke Kubo, Tomohiro Komagino, Hirofumi Matsumura

Asian Journal of Paleopathology 6 17 - 23 2024.06 [Refereed]

Violence-related skeletal trauma in the Epi-Jomon period: A case study from the Koboro cave site in Hokkaido, Japan

Izumi Braddick, Daisuke Kubo, Hirofumi Matsumura, Rick J. Schulting

Asian Journal of Paleopathology 6 1 - 5 2024.06 [Refereed]

Nutritional deficiency and ecological stress in the Middle to Final western Jōmon

Melandri Vlok, Clare McFadden, Hirofumi Matsumura, Hallie R. Buckley

Antiquity ( Antiquity Publications ) 98 ( 399 ) 709 - 723 2024.04 [Refereed]

Despite significant research, the direct and indirect causes of a population decline in the eponymous foragers of the Late Jōmon period (c. 4500–2300 BP) in Japan remains undetermined. Here, the authors examine the impact of nutritional stress, using scurvy as a case study, on Middle and a Late/Final Jōmon populations. While an increase in the prevalence of scurvy between the time periods is apparent, no associated change in age at death was observed. The authors argue that the Late Jōmon adapted their food-sharing practices in times of ecological stress, and they highlight the need to consider morbidity and mortality together in palaeopathological assessments and the growing evidence for a non-nutritional cause in the Late Jōmon population decline.

Palaeoproteomic investigation of an ancient human skeleton with abnormal deposition of dental calculus.

Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara, Shigeru Shimamura, Rikai Sawafuji, Takumi Nishiuchi, Minoru Yoneda, Hajime Ishida, Hirofumi Matsumura, Takumi Tsutaya

Scientific reports 14 ( 1 ) 5938 - 5938 2024.03 [International journal]

Detailed investigation of extremely severe pathological conditions in ancient human skeletons is important as it could shed light on the breadth of potential interactions between humans and disease etiologies in the past. Here, we applied palaeoproteomics to investigate an ancient human skeletal individual with severe oral pathology, focusing our research on bacterial pathogenic factors and host defense response. This female skeleton, from the Okhotsk period (i.e., fifth to thirteenth century) of Northern Japan, poses relevant amounts of abnormal dental calculus deposition and exhibits oral dysfunction due to severe periodontal disease. A shotgun mass-spectrometry analysis identified 81 human proteins and 15 bacterial proteins from the calculus of the subject. We identified two pathogenic or bioinvasive proteins originating from two of the three "red complex" bacteria, the core species associated with severe periodontal disease in modern humans, as well as two additional bioinvasive proteins of periodontal-associated bacteria. Moreover, we discovered defense response system-associated human proteins, although their proportion was mostly similar to those reported in ancient and modern human individuals with lower calculus deposition. These results suggest that the bacterial etiology was similar and the host defense response was not necessarily more intense in ancient individuals with significant amounts of abnormal dental calculus deposition.

Hypomineralization disorder in tropical Southeast Asia during the agricultural revolution: Analysis of morbidity and mortality

Melandri Vlok, Marc Oxenham, Clare McFadden, Kate Domett, Hiep Hoang Trinh, Tran Thi Minh, Nguyen Thi Mai Huong, Hirofumi Matsumura, Hallie Buckley

International Journal of Osteoarchaeology ( Wiley ) 34 ( 2 ) 2024.03 [Refereed]

Abstract This paper presents evidence for hypomineralization disorders (rickets and osteomalacia) in non‐adults at Man Bac, a Neolithic site from northern Vietnam dated to 4000–3500BP, contributing to the well‐described disease burden at the site that includes scurvy, treponemal disease, thalassemia, and malaria. Forty‐four non‐adults (<20 years of age‐at‐death) were assessed for macroscopic and radiographic evidence for hypomineralization disorders. Differential diagnosis was completed using traditional methods and three‐level standardized criteria to combat the challenges of overlapping pathological features between hypomineralization disorder and the other diseases already diagnosed at the site. In addition, a diagnostic certainty approach was applied to investigate the impact of lesion ambiguity on our findings. Kaplan–Meier and Fishers exact tests were applied to assess age‐at‐death‐related epidemiological patterns of hypomineralization disorder and co‐morbid relationships with scurvy, thalassemia, and treponemal disease. Almost 50% of the non‐adult assemblage presented with evidence for hypomineralization disorder, which was associated with decreased survivorship in childhood. Potential epidemiological relationships between scurvy and hypomineralization disorders, and thalassemia and hypomineralization disorders are described. The former relationship may be due to the likelihood of the introduction of rice resulting in multi‐micronutrient deficiency, including vitamin C and calcium deficiency, and cultural attitudes to sunlight. The latter relationship may relate to the pathophysiology of thalassemia that can result in secondary osteomalacia possibly contributing to the development of hypomineralization disorder in the thalassemic non‐adults. The findings are significant as they present possible approaches for diagnosis of disease embedded within complex disease burdens where individuals are likely suffering from co‐morbidities.

Factors influencing cranial variation between prehistoric Japanese forager populations.

Buck LT, Menéndez LP, De Groote I, Hassett BR, Matsumura H, Stock JT

Archaeol Anthropol Sci. 16 3. - 3. 2024 [Refereed]

Specific pelvic shape in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip on 3D morphometric homologous model analysis.

Yui Sasaki, Daisuke Suzuki, Ryo Tokita, Hiroyuki Takashima, Hirofumi Matsumura, Satoshi Nagoya

PloS one 19 ( 6 ) e0300938 2024 [International journal]

PURPOSE: To clarify the morphological factors of the pelvis in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), three-dimensional (3D) pelvic morphology was analyzed using a template-fitting technique. METHODS: Three-dimensional pelvic data of 50 patients with DDH (DDH group) and 3D pelvic data of 50 patients without obvious pelvic deformity (Normal group) were used. All patients were female. A template model was created by averaging the normal pelvises into a symmetrical and isotropic mesh. Next, 100 homologous models were generated by fitting the pelvic data of each group of patients to the template model. Principal component analysis was performed on the coordinates of each vertex (15,235 vertices) of the pelvic homologous model. In addition, a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated from the sensitivity of DDH positivity for each principal component, and principal components for which the area under the curve was significantly large were extracted (p<0.05). Finally, which components of the pelvic morphology frequently seen in DDH patients are related to these extracted principal components was evaluated. RESULTS: The first, third, and sixth principal components showed significantly larger areas under the ROC curves. The morphology indicated by the first principal component was associated with a decrease in coxal inclination in both the coronal and horizontal planes. The third principal component was related to the sacral inclination in the sagittal plane. The sixth principal component was associated with narrowing of the superior part of the pelvis. CONCLUSION: The most important factor in the difference between normal and DDH pelvises was the change in the coxal angle in both the coronal and horizontal planes. That is, in the anterior and superior views, the normal pelvis is a triangle, whereas in DDH, it was more like a quadrilateral.

Early Holocene exploitation of taro and yam among southern East Asian hunter-gatherers.

Weiwei Wang, Zhen Li, Chunguang Zhao, Mike T. Carson, Hirofumi Matsumura, Chi Zhang, Hsiao-chun Hung

Antiquity 98 ( 399 ) 597 - 615 2024 [Refereed]

Paleoepidemiology of cribra orbitalia: Insights from early seventh millennium BP Con Co Ngua, Vietnam.

Tianyi Wang, Clare McFadden, Hallie Buckley, Kate Domett, Anna Willis, Hiep H Trinh, Hirofumi Matsumura, Melandri Vlok, Marc F Oxenham

American journal of biological anthropology 181 ( 2 ) 250 - 261 2023.06 [International journal]

OBJECTIVES: We test the hypothesis that the condition(s) leading to the development of cribra orbitalia at Con Co Ngua, an early seventh millennium sedentary foraging community in Vietnam, effectively reduced the resilience of the population to subsequent health/disease impacts. An assessment of both the implications and potential etiology of cribra orbitalia in this specific population is carried out. METHODS: The effective sample included 141 adults aged ≥15 years (53 females, 71 males, and 17 unknown sex) and 15 pre-adults aged ≤14 years. Cribra orbitalia was identified by way of cortical bone porosity of the orbital roof initiated within the diplöic space, rather than initiated subperiosteally. The approach is also robust to the misidentification of various pseudo-lesions. Resultant data was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: Median survival is higher in adults aged ≥15 years without cribra orbitalia than those with this lesion. For the pre-adult cohort, the opposite pattern is seen where median survival is higher in those with cribra orbitalia than those without. CONCLUSION: Adults displayed increased frailty and pre-adults increased resilience with respect to cribra orbitalia. The differential diagnosis for a survival analysis of adults and pre-adults with and without cribra orbitalia included iron deficiency anemia and B12/folate deficiency, parasitism (including hydatid disease and malaria) in addition to thalassemia. The most parsimonious explanation for observed results is for both thalassemia and malaria being the chief etiological agents, while appreciating these conditions interact with, and can cause, other forms such as hematinic deficiency anemias.

Human femur morphology and histology variation with ancestry and behaviour in an ancient sample from Vietnam.

Meg M Walker, Marc F Oxenham, Melandri Vlok, Hirofumi Matsumura, Nguyen Thi Mai Huong, Hoang Hiep Trinh, Tran T Minh, Justyna J Miszkiewicz

Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft ( Elsevier BV ) 247 152054 - 152054 2023.04 [Refereed] [International journal]

BACKGROUND: There is a genetic component to the minimum effective strain (MES)-a threshold which determines when bone will adapt to function-which suggests ancestry should play a role in bone (re)modelling. Further elucidating this is difficult in living human populations because of the high global genetic admixture. We examined femora from an anthropological skeletal assemblage (Mán Bạc, Vietnam) representing distinct ancestral groups. We tested whether femur morphological and histological markers of modelling and remodelling differed between ancestries despite their similar lifestyles. METHODS: Static histomorphometry data collected from subperiosteal cortical bone of the femoral midshaft, and gross morphometric measures of femur robusticity, were studied in 17 individuals from the Mán Bạc collection dated to 1906-1523 cal. BC. This assemblage represents agricultural migrants with affinity to East Asian groups, who integrated with the local hunter-gatherers with affinity to Australo-Papuan groups during the mid-Holocene. Femur robusticity and histology data were compared between groups of 'Migrant' (n = 8), 'Admixed' (n = 4), and 'Local' (n = 5). RESULTS: Local individuals had more robust femoral diaphyses with greater secondary osteon densities, and relatively large secondary osteon and Haversian canal parameters than the migrants. The Migrant group showed gracile femoral shafts with the least dense bone made up of small secondary osteons and Haversian canals. The Admixed individuals fell between the Migrant and Local categories in terms of their femoral data. However, we also found that measures of how densely bone is remodelled per unit area were in a tight range across all three ancestries. CONCLUSIONS: Bone modelling and remodelling markers varied with ancestral histories in our sample. This suggests that there is an ancestry related predisposition to bone optimising its metabolic expenditure likely in relation to the MES. Our results stress the need to incorporate population genetic history into hierarchical bone analyses. Understanding ancestry effects on bone morphology has implications for interpreting biomechanical loading history in past and modern human populations.

Scurvy in the tropics: Evidence for increasing non‐adult micronutrient deficiency with the transition to agriculture in northern Vietnam

Melandri Vlok, Marc Fredrick Oxenham, Kate Domett, Hiep Hoang Trinh, Tran Thi Minh, Nguyen Thi Mai Huong, Hirofumi Matsumura, Nghia Truong Huu, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Anna Willis, Hallie Buckley

American Journal of Biological Anthropology ( Wiley ) 180 ( 4 ) 715 - 732 2023.01 [Refereed]

Abstract Objective Scurvy in non‐adults was assessed at the Pre‐Neolithic site of Con Co Ngua and the Neolithic site of Man Bac in northern Vietnam to investigate nutritional stress during the agricultural transition in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA). Materials One hundred and four human skeletons under the age of 20 years old were assessed. Methods Lesions were recorded macroscopically and radiographically. Differential diagnosis using prior established paleopathological diagnostic criteria for scurvy was conducted. Results There was no clear evidence for scurvy at Con Co Ngua and a high burden of scurvy was present at Man Bac (>79% diagnosed with probable scurvy). Scurvy levels were high across all non‐adult ages at Man Bac indicating significant burden throughout childhood and adolescence. Conclusions No scurvy at Con Co Ngua is consistent with widely available food sources at the peak of the Holocene thermal maximum. High levels of scurvy at Man Bac corresponds with decreased dietary diversity, high pathogen load, and increased population stress with the transition to agriculture around the time of the 4.2 ka desertification event. Significance This is the first systematic population‐level non‐adult investigation of specific nutritional disease in MSEA and demonstrates an increase in nutritional stress during the Neolithic transition in northern Vietnam. Limitations Subperiosteal new bone deposits can be due to normal growth in infants and young children, therefore, identification of scurvy in children under the age of 4 years needs to be considered critically. Suggestions for Further Research Further work in diagnosing specific nutritional disease in other non‐adult cohorts throughout MSEA is required.

Global patterns of the cranial form of modern human populations described by analysis of a 3D surface homologous model.

Hirofumi Matsumura, Toyohisa Tanijiri, Makiko Kouchi, Tsunehiko Hanihara, Martin Friess, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Chris Stringer, Kengo Miyahara

Scientific reports 12 ( 1 ) 13826 - 13826 2022.08 [International journal]

This study assessed the regional diversity of the human cranial form by using geometric homologous models based on scanned data from 148 ethnic groups worldwide. This method adopted a template-fitting technique for a nonrigid transformation via the iterative closest point algorithm to generate the homologous meshes. Through the application of principal component analysis to 342 sampled homologous models, the largest variation was detected in overall size, and small South Asian crania were clearly verified. The next greatest diversity was found in the length/breadth proportion of the neurocranium, which showed the contrast between the elongated crania of Africans and the globular crania of Northeast Asians. Notably, this component was slightly correlated with the facial profile. Well-known facial features, such as the forward projection of the cheek among Northeast Asians and compaction of the European maxilla, were reconfirmed. These facial variations were highly correlated with the calvarial outline, particularly the degree of frontal and occipital inclines. An allometric pattern was detected in facial proportions in relation to overall cranial size; in larger crania, the facial profiles tend to be longer and narrower, as demonstrated among many American natives and Northeast Asians. Although our study did not include data on environmental variables that are likely to affect cranial morphology, such as climate or dietary conditions, the large datasets of homologous cranial models will be usefully available for seeking various attributions to phenotypic skeletal characteristics.

Negritos in Taiwan and the wider prehistory of Southeast Asia: new discovery from the Xiaoma Caves

Hsiao-chun Hung, Hirofumi Matsumura, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Tsunehiko Hanihara, Shih-Chiang Huang, Mike T. Carson

World Archaeology ( Informa UK Limited ) 54 ( 2 ) 207 - 228 2022.03 [Refereed]

Primary bone retention in a young adult male with limb disuse: a bioarchaeological case study

Meg M. Walker, Marc F. Oxenham, Thi Mai Huong Nguyen, Hiep Hoang Trinh, Tran Thi Minh, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Hirofumi Matsumura, Justyna J. Miszkiewicz

HISTORICAL BIOLOGY ( TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD ) 2022.02

Bone mineral and mass are low in limb bones that experience prolonged lack of, or minimal, mechanical stimulation. Cases of ancient human limb paralysis offering an opportunity to examine histological markers of cortical bone modelling and remodelling are rare. To improve our understanding of the spectrum of bone tissue response to its muscular disuse environment in archaeological contexts, we tested whether bone histology in an individual afflicted with long-term loss of muscle function showed unremodelled primary bone due to minimal/absent, mechanical stimulation. We examined cortical bone histology in a 1906-1523 cal BC atrophied post-cranium of a young adult (mid-20s) male who had suffered from Klippel-Feil Syndrome Type III, experiencing minimally paraplegia and potentially complete or intermittent quadriplegia in late childhood/early adolescence. Samples taken from the humeral and femoral midshaft displayed thin cortices and extensive retention of primary bone with only localised Haversian tissue or isolated secondary osteons. The retention of widespread primary bone and thin cortices in this adult individual is evidence for stunted modelling and remodelling due to immobility during early ontogeny. Our bone histology descriptions should be of interest to palaeobiologists investigating the effects of physical inactivity on bone microstructure in fossilised and archaeological human remains.

Hydatid disease (Echinococcosis granulosis) diagnosis from skeletal osteolytic lesions in an early seventh‐millennium forager community from preagricultural northern Vietnam

Melandri Vlok, Hallie R. Buckley, Kate Domett, Anna Willis, Monica Tromp, Hiep H. Trinh, Tran T. Minh, Nguyen T. Mai Huong, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Hirofumi Matsumura, Nghia T. Huu, Marc F. Oxenham

American Journal of Biological Anthropology ( Wiley ) 177 ( 1 ) 100 - 115 2022.01 [Refereed] [International journal]

OBJECTIVES: Con Co Ngua is a complex, sedentary forager site from northern Vietnam dating to the early seventh millennium BP. Prior research identified a calcified Echinococcus granulosis cyst, which causes hydatid disease. Osteolytic lesions consistent with hydatid disease were also present in this individual and others. Hydatid disease is observed in high frequencies in pastoralists, and its presence in a hunter-gatherer community raises questions regarding human-animal interaction prior to farming. The objective of this article is to identify and describe the epidemiology of hydatid disease in the human skeletal assemblage at Con Co Ngua. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-five individuals were macroscopically assessed for lesions. Of these, eight individuals were radiographed. Hydatid disease was diagnosed using a new threshold criteria protocol derived from clinical literature, which prioritizes lesions specific to the parasite. RESULTS: Twenty-two individuals (14.2%) presented with osteolytic lesions consistent with hydatid disease, affecting the distal humerus, proximal femur and forearm, and pelvis. Seven individuals radiographed (4.5%) had multilocular cystic lesions strongly diagnostic for hydatid disease. All probable cases had lesions of the distal humerus. The remaining lesions were macroscopically identical to those radiographed and were considered possible cases. DISCUSSION: While hydatid disease has previously been found in pre-agricultural communities, the high prevalence at Con Co Ngua is non-incidental. We propose that the presence of wild canids and management of wild buffalo and deer increased the risk of disease transmission. These findings further reveal subsistence complexity among hunter-gatherers living millennia prior to the adoption of farming in Southeast Asia.

Ethics of DNA research on human remains: five globally applicable guidelines.

Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, David Anthony, Hiba Babiker, Eszter Bánffy, Thomas Booth, Patricia Capone, Arati Deshpande-Mukherjee, Stefanie Eisenmann, Lars Fehren-Schmitz, Michael Frachetti, Ricardo Fujita, Catherine J Frieman, Qiaomei Fu, Victoria Gibbon, Wolfgang Haak, Mateja Hajdinjak, Kerstin P Hofmann, Brian Holguin, Takeshi Inomata, Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama, William Keegan, Janet Kelso, Johannes Krause, Ganesan Kumaresan, Chapurukha Kusimba, Sibel Kusimba, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Bastien Llamas, Scott MacEachern, Swapan Mallick, Hirofumi Matsumura, Ana Y Morales-Arce, Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Veena Mushrif-Tripathy, Nathan Nakatsuka, Rodrigo Nores, Christine Ogola, Mercedes Okumura, Nick Patterson, Ron Pinhasi, Samayamantri P R Prasad, Mary E Prendergast, Jose Luis Punzo, David Reich, Rikai Sawafuji, Elizabeth Sawchuk, Stephan Schiffels, Jakob Sedig, Svetlana Shnaider, Kendra Sirak, Pontus Skoglund, Viviane Slon, Meradeth Snow, Marie Soressi, Matthew Spriggs, Philipp W Stockhammer, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Vera Tiesler, Ray Tobler, Chuan-Chao Wang, Christina Warinner, Surangi Yasawardene, Muhammad Zahir

Nature 599 ( 7883 ) 41 - 46 2021.11 [International journal]

We are a group of archaeologists, anthropologists, curators and geneticists representing diverse global communities and 31 countries. All of us met in a virtual workshop dedicated to ethics in ancient DNA research held in November 2020. There was widespread agreement that globally applicable ethical guidelines are needed, but that recent recommendations grounded in discussion about research on human remains from North America are not always generalizable worldwide. Here we propose the following globally applicable guidelines, taking into consideration diverse contexts. These hold that: (1) researchers must ensure that all regulations were followed in the places where they work and from which the human remains derived; (2) researchers must prepare a detailed plan prior to beginning any study; (3) researchers must minimize damage to human remains; (4) researchers must ensure that data are made available following publication to allow critical re-examination of scientific findings; and (5) researchers must engage with other stakeholders from the beginning of a study and ensure respect and sensitivity to stakeholder perspectives. We commit to adhering to these guidelines and expect they will promote a high ethical standard in DNA research on human remains going forward.

Female craniometrics support the 'two-layer model' of human dispersal in Eastern Eurasia.

Hirofumi Matsumura, Guangmao Xie, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Tsunehiko Hanihara, Zhen Li, Khanh Trung Kien Nguyen, Xuan Tinh Ho, Thi Nga Nguyen, Shih-Chiang Huang, Hsiao-Chun Hung

Scientific reports 11 ( 1 ) 20830 - 20830 2021.10 [International journal]

This study reports a cranio-morphometric analysis of female human remains from seven archaeological sites in China, Vietnam and Taiwan that date between 16,000 and 5300 BP. The aim of the analysis is to test the "two-layer" model of human dispersal in eastern Eurasia, using previously unanalysed female remains to balance the large sample of previously-analysed males. The resulting craniometric data indicate that the examined specimens all belong to the "first layer" of dispersal, and share a common ancestor with recent Australian and Papuan populations, and the ancient Jomon people of Japan. The analysed specimens pre-date the expansion of agricultural populations of East/Northeast Asian origin-that is, the "second layer" of human dispersal proposed by the model. As a result of this study, the two-layer model, which has hitherto rested on evidence only from male skeletons, is now strongly supported by female-derived data. Further comparisons reveal that the people of the first layer were closer in terms of their facial morphology to modern Africans and Sri Lankan Veddah than to modern Asians and Europeans, suggesting that the Late Pleistocene through Middle Holocene hunter-gatherers examined in this study were direct descendants of the anatomically modern humans who first migrated out of Africa through southern Eurasia.

Identity and community structure in Neolithic Man Bac, northern Vietnam

Marc F Oxenham, Trinh Hoang Hiep, Hirofumi Matsumura, Kate Domett, Damien Huffer, Rebecca Crozier, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Clare McFadden

Archaeological Research in Asia ( Elsevier BV ) 26 100282 - 100282 2021.06 [Refereed]

Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia.

Melandri Vlok, Hallie R Buckley, Justyna J Miszkiewicz, Meg M Walker, Kate Domett, Anna Willis, Hiep H Trinh, Tran T Minh, Mai Huong T Nguyen, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Hirofumi Matsumura, Tianyi Wang, Huu T Nghia, Marc F Oxenham

Scientific reports 11 ( 1 ) 5677 - 5677 2021.03 [Refereed] [International journal]

Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders that are found in high prevalences in the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. These diseases provide varying levels of resistance to malaria and are proposed to have emerged as an adaptive response to malaria in these regions. The transition to agriculture in the Holocene has been suggested to have influenced the selection for thalassemia in the Mediterranean as land clearance for farming encouraged interaction between Anopheles mosquitos, the vectors for malaria, and human groups. Here we document macroscopic and microscopic skeletal evidence for the presence of thalassemia in both hunter-gatherer (Con Co Ngua) and early agricultural (Man Bac) populations in northern Vietnam. Firstly, our findings demonstrate that thalassemia emerged prior to the transition to agriculture in Mainland Southeast Asia, from at least the early seventh millennium BP, contradicting a long-held assumption that agriculture was the main driver for an increase in malaria in Southeast Asia. Secondly, we describe evidence for significant malarial burden in the region during early agriculture. We argue that the introduction of farming into the region was not the initial driver of the selection for thalassemia, as it may have been in other regions of the world.

The impact of scurvy mortality during the transition of agriculture in northern Vietnam

Melandri Vlok, Marc F. Oxenham, Kate Domett, Hirofumi Matsumura, Hoang T. Hiep, Tran T. Minh, Nguyen T. Mai Huong, Nghia T. Huu, Hallie R. Buckley

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ( WILEY ) 174 109 - 109 2021.03

Genomic insights into the formation of human populations in East Asia

Chuan-Chao Wang, Hui-Yuan Yeh, Alexander N. Popov, Hu-Qin Zhang, Hirofumi Matsumura, Kendra Sirak, Olivia Cheronet, Alexey Kovalev, Nadin Rohland, Alexander M. Kim, Swapan Mallick, Rebecca Bernardos, Dashtseveg Tumen, Jing Zhao, Yi-Chang Liu, Jiun-Yu Liu, Matthew Mah, Ke Wang, Zhao Zhang, Nicole Adamski, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Kimberly Callan, Francesca Candilio, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Brendan J. Culleton, Laurie Eccles, Suzanne Freilich, Denise Keating, Ann Marie Lawson, Kirsten Mandl, Megan Michel, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kadir Toykan Ozdogan, Kristin Stewardson, Shaoqing Wen, Shi Yan, Fatma Zalzala, Richard Chuang, Ching-Jung Huang, Hana Looh, Chung-Ching Shiung, Yuri G. Nikitin, Andrei V. Tabarev, Alexey A. Tishkin, Song Lin, Zhou-Yong Sun, Xiao-Ming Wu, Tie-Lin Yang, Xi Hu, Liang Chen, Hua Du, Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan, Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, Diimaajav Erdenebaatar, Tumur-Ochir Iderkhangai, Erdene Myagmar, Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Masato Nishino, Ken-ichi Shinoda, Olga A. Shubina, Jianxin Guo, Wangwei Cai, Qiongying Deng, Longli Kang, Dawei Li, Dongna Li, Rong Lin, Nini, Rukesh Shrestha, Ling-Xiang Wang, Lanhai Wei, Guangmao Xie, Hongbing Yao, Manfei Zhang, Guanglin He, Xiaomin Yang, Rong Hu, Martine Robbeets, Stephan Schiffels, Douglas J. Kennett, Li Jin, Hui Li, Johannes Krause, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich

NATURE ( NATURE RESEARCH ) 591 ( 7850 ) 413 - + 2021.03 [Refereed]

The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood owing to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people(1,2). Here we report genome-wide data from 166 East Asian individuals dating to between 6000 BC and AD 1000 and 46 present-day groups. Hunter-gatherers from Japan, the Amur River Basin, and people of Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan and the Tibetan Plateau are linked by a deeply splitting lineage that probably reflects a coastal migration during the Late Pleistocene epoch. We also follow expansions during the subsequent Holocene epoch from four regions. First, hunter-gatherers from Mongolia and the Amur River Basin have ancestry shared by individuals who speak Mongolic and Tungusic languages, but do not carry ancestry characteristic of farmers from the West Liao River region (around 3000 BC), which contradicts theories that the expansion of these farmers spread the Mongolic and Tungusic proto-languages. Second, farmers from the Yellow River Basin (around 3000 BC) probably spread Sino-Tibetan languages, as their ancestry dispersed both to Tibet-where it forms approximately 84% of the gene pool in some groups-and to the Central Plain, where it has contributed around 59-84% to modern Han Chinese groups. Third, people from Taiwan from around 1300 BC to AD 800 derived approximately 75% of their ancestry from a lineage that is widespread in modern individuals who speak Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic languages, and that we hypothesize derives from farmers of the Yangtze River Valley. Ancient people from Taiwan also derived about 25% of their ancestry from a northern lineage that is related to, but different from, farmers of the Yellow River Basin, which suggests an additional north-to-south expansion. Fourth, ancestry from Yamnaya Steppe pastoralists arrived in western Mongolia after around 3000 BC but was displaced by previously established lineages even while it persisted in western China, as would be expected if this ancestry was associated with the spread of proto-Tocharian Indo-European languages. Two later gene flows affected western Mongolia: migrants after around 2000 BC with Yamnaya and European farmer ancestry, and episodic influences of later groups with ancestry from Turan.

Pediatric mandibular osteomyelitis: a probable case from Okhotsk period (5th–13th century AD) northern Japan

ANGELA R. LIEVERSE, DAISUKE KUBO, REBECCA L. BOURGEOIS, HIROFUMI MATSUMURA, MINORU YONEDA, HAJIME ISHIDA

Anthropological Science ( Anthropological Society of Nippon ) 130 ( 1 ) 47 - 57 2021

肩腱板断裂症例における肩甲骨の形態学的特徴-相同モデルによる全体形状の三次元解析-

時田諒, 戸田創, 谷尻豊寿, 芝山雄二, 松村博文, 渡邉耕太, 山下敏

日本整形外科学会雑誌 95 ( 3 ) 2021 [Refereed]

Two Probable Cases of Infection with Treponema pallidum during the Neolithic Period in Northern Vietnam (ca. 2000–1500 B.C.)

Melandri Vlok, Marc Oxenham, Kate Domett, Tran Thi Minh, Thi Mai Huong Nguyen, Hirofumi Matsumura, Hiep Hoang Trinh, Thomas Higham, Charles Higham, Nghia Truong Huu, Hallie Ruth Buckleya

Bioarchaeology International ( University Press of Florida ) 4 ( 1 ) 15 - 36 2020.05 [Refereed]

Skeletal evidence of two probable cases of treponematosis, caused by infection with the bacterium Treponema pallidum, from the northern Vietnamese early Neolithic site of Man Bac (1906–1523 cal B.C.) is described. The presence of nodes of subperiosteal new bone directly associated with superficial focal cavitations in a young adult male and a seven-year- old child are strongly diagnostic for treponemal disease. Climatic and epidemiological contexts suggest yaws (Treponema pallidum pertenue) as the most likely causative treponeme. This evidence is the oldest discovered in the Asia-Pacific region and is the first well-established pre-Columbian example in this region in terms of diagnosis and secure dating. The coastal ecology, sedentary settlement, and high fertility at the site of Man Bac all provided a biosocial context conducive to the spread of treponemal disease among inhabitants of the site. Co-morbidity with scurvy in both individuals demonstrates that malnutrition during the agricultural transition may have exacerbated the expression of treponematosis in this community. Man Bac is a site of great regional importance owing to its role during the Neolithic transition of Mainland Southeast Asia. During this transition, approximately 4,000 years ago, farmers migrating from southern China into Southeast Asia influenced a number of changes in subsistence and demography and potentially introduced new infectious diseases such as treponematosis to indigenous forager communities. The findings presented here may encourage reevaluation of existing Southeast Asian skeletal samples and demonstrate the importance of using weighted diagnostic criteria for future reporting of treponematosis cases. Hai trường hợp nhiều khả năng mắc bệnh ghẻ cóc do nhiễm vi khuẩn Treponema pallidum, thuộc di chỉ Mán Bạc sơ kì đá mới Việt Nam (cal 1906–1523 B.C.) được mô tả trên bằng chứng di cốt. Sự có mặt của các hạt xương mới dưới màng xương trực tiếp liên quan đến các lỗ ổ bề mặt ở một nam trẻ tuổi trưởng thành và một trẻ em 7 tuổi là chẩn đoán nhiều khả năng cho bệnh này. Bối cảnh khí hậu và dịch tễ học cho thấy bệnh ghẻ cóc do nhiễm xoắn khuẩn Treponema pallidum pertenue là nguyên nhân phổ biến nhất. Bằng chứng trên được phát hiện muộn nhất ở khu vực Châu Á-Thái Bình Dương và là một ví dụ điển hình đầu tiên giai đoạn tiền Columbia trong khu vực này dựa vào chẩn đoán và định niên đại chính xác. Sinh thái biển, lối sống ít di động, và tỷ lệ sinh sản cao ở di chỉ Mán Bạc, tất cả đã tạo ra sự tương tác giữa các yếu tố sinh học và xã hội thuận lợi cho việc lây lan bệnh ghẻ cóc giữa các cư dân thuộc di chỉ này. Cùng với đó là sự mắc bệnh thiếu vitamin C (scurvy) ở cả hai cá thể trên chỉ ra rằng sự suy dinh dưỡng trong suốt quá trình chuyển tiếp nông nghiệp có thể trầm trọng hơn và biểu hiện bệnh ghẻ cóc ở cộng đồng này. Mán Bạc là một di chỉ vùng quan trọng bởi vì nó nằm trong ranh giới giai đoạn chuyển tiếp Đá Mới của Đông Nam Á lục địa. Trong suốt bước chuyển này, khoảng 4000 năm cách đây, các cư dân nông nghiệp di cư từ miền nam Trung Quốc vào Đông Nam Á đã ảnh hưởng nhiều thay đổi trong phương thức sinh kế, dân số, và mang theo bệnh nhiễm trùng mới tiềm ẩn như là bệnh ghẻ cóc vào các cộng đồng nông nghiệp bản địa . Các phát hiện trình bày trên đây hi vọng sẽ là khởi đầu đánh giá lại về sự tồn tại các di cốt Đông Nam Á và minh họa tầm quan trọng của việc sử dụng tiêu chí chẩn đoán tin cậy về các trường hợp bệnh ghẻ cóc cho nghiên cứu tiếp theo.

Morphological characteristics of the lateral ankle ligament complex.

Takumi Kobayashi, Daisuke Suzuki, Yu Kondo, Ryo Tokita, Masaki Katayose, Hirofumi Matsumura, Mineko Fujimiya

Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA 42 ( 10 ) 1153 - 1159 2020.03 [Refereed] [International journal]

PURPOSE: The relevance of each ligament comprising the lateral ankle ligament complex, including the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL), has not been sufficiently elucidated; therefore, we aimed to clarify the morphological characteristics and relevance of these ligaments. METHODS: Total 152 legs from 152 Japanese cadavers were investigated. The lengths and widths of the ATFL, CFL, and PTFL were measured using a caliper. The ATFL was classified according to the number of fiber bundles (Types I, II, and III corresponded to one, two, and three fiber bundles, respectively), and the lengths and widths of the three ligaments were compared between the Type groups. In addition, the ratio of each ligament's length and width to the tibial length was calculated, and the correlation of the ratio of ligament length and width between the ATFL, CFL, and PTFL was examined about 34 legs. RESULTS: The ATFL, CFL, and PTFL were found to connect at the anterior/inferior tip of the lateral malleolus each other. The Type II group of the ATFL was most common (54.6%) in our investigated specimens. However, there were no significant inter-group differences in the lengths and widths of the CFL and PTFL. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the lateral ankle ligaments may stabilize the ankle joint through interconnections.

Modelling the disease impacts of migration and trade in prehistoric East and Southeast Asia

Melandri Vlok, Marc F. Oxenham, Kate Domett, Erdene Myagmar, Hirofumi Matsumura, Nguyen T. Mai Huong, Tran T. Minh, Daniel Temple, Nghia T. Huu, Hiep H. Trinh, Hikari Ishijima, Hallie R. Buckley

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ( WILEY ) 171 298 - 298 2020.03 [Refereed]

Late Jomon male and female genome sequences from the Funadomari site in Hokkaido, Japan

KANZAWA-KIRIYAMA Hideaki, JINAM Timothy A, KAWAI Yosuke, SATO Takehiro, HOSOMICHI Kazuyoshi, TAJIMA Atsushi, ADACHI Noboru, MATSUMURA Hirofumi, KRYUKOV Kirill, SAITOU Naruya, SHINODA Ken-ichi

Anthropological science ( Anthropological Society of Nippon ) 127 ( 2 ) 83 - 108 2019.08 [Refereed]

Author Correction: Craniometrics Reveal "Two Layers" of Prehistoric Human Dispersal in Eastern Eurasia.

Hirofumi Matsumura, Hsiao-Chun Hung, Charles Higham, Chi Zhang, Mariko Yamagata, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Zhen Li, Xue-Chun Fan, Truman Simanjuntak, Adhi Agus Oktaviana, Jia-Ning He, Chung-Yu Chen, Chien-Kuo Pan, Gang He, Guo-Ping Sun, Wei-Jin Huang, Xin-Wei Li, Xing-Tao Wei, Kate Domett, Siân Halcrow, Kim Dung Nguyen, Hoang Hiep Trinh, Chi Hoang Bui, Khanh Trung Kien Nguyen, Andreas Reinecke

Scientific reports 9 ( 1 ) 7984 - 7984 2019.05 [Refereed] [International journal]

Craniometrics Reveal "Two Layers" of Prehistoric Human Dispersal in Eastern Eurasia.

Hirofumi Matsumura, Hsiao-Chun Hung, Charles Higham, Chi Zhang, Mariko Yamagata, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Zhen Li, Xue-Chun Fan, Truman Simanjuntak, Adhi Agus Oktaviana, Jia-Ning He, Chung-Yu Chen, Chien-Kuo Pan, Gang He, Guo-Ping Sun, Wei-Jin Huang, Xin-Wei Li, Xing-Tao Wei, Kate Domett, Siân Halcrow, Kim Dung Nguyen, Hoang Hiep Trinh, Chi Hoang Bui, Khanh Trung Kien Nguyen, Andreas Reinecke

Scientific reports 9 ( 1 ) 1451 - 1451 2019.02 [Refereed] [International journal]

This cranio-morphometric study emphasizes a "two-layer model" for eastern Eurasian anatomically modern human (AMH) populations, based on large datasets of 89 population samples including findings directly from ancient archaeological contexts. Results suggest that an initial "first layer" of AMH had related closely to ancestral Andaman, Australian, Papuan, and Jomon groups who likely entered this region via the Southeast Asian landmass, prior to 65-50 kya. A later "second layer" shared strong cranial affinities with Siberians, implying a Northeast Asian source, evidenced by 9 kya in central China and then followed by expansions of descendant groups into Southeast Asia after 4 kya. These two populations shared limited initial exchange, and the second layer grew at a faster rate and in greater numbers, linked with contexts of farming that may have supported increased population densities. Clear dichotomization between the two layers implies a temporally deep divergence of distinct migration routes for AMH through both southern and northern Eurasia.

Domestication and large animal interactions: Skeletal trauma in northern Vietnam during the hunter-gatherer Da But period.

Rachel M Scott, Hallie R Buckley, Kate Domett, Monica Tromp, Hiep Hoang Trinh, Anna Willis, Hirofumi Matsumura, Marc F Oxenham

PloS one 14 ( 9 ) e0218777 2019 [Refereed] [International journal]

The aim of this paper is to test the hypothesis that healed traumatic injuries in the pre-Neolithic assemblage of Con Co Ngua, northern Vietnam (c. 6800-6200 cal BP) are consistent with large wild animal interactions prior to their domestication. The core sample included 110 adult (aged ≥ 18 years) individuals, while comparisons are made with an additional six skeletal series from Neolithic through to Iron Age Vietnam, Thailand, and Mongolia. All post cranial skeletal elements were assessed for signs of healed trauma and identified cases were further x-rayed. Crude trauma prevalence (14/110, 12.7%) was not significantly different between males (8/52) and females (5/37) (χ2 = 0.061, p = 0.805). Nor were there significant differences in the prevalence of fractured limbs, although males displayed greater rates of lower limb bone trauma than females. Further, distinct from females, half the injured males suffered vertebral fractures, consistent with high-energy trauma. The first hypothesis is supported, while some support for the sexual divisions of labour was found. The prevalence and pattern of fractured limbs at CCN when compared with other Southeast and East Asian sites is most similar to the agropastoral site of Lamadong, China. The potential for skeletal trauma to assess animal trapping and herding practices prior to domestication in the past is discussed.

Between foraging and farming: strategic responses to the Holocene Thermal Maximum in Southeast Asia

Marc F. Oxenham, Hiep Hoang Trinh, Anna Willis, Rebecca K. Jones, Kathryn Domett, Cristina Castillo, Rachel Wood, Peter Bellwood, Monica Tromp, Ainslee Kells, Philip Piper, Son Thanh Pham, Hirofumi Matsumura, Hallie Buckley

Antiquity ( Antiquity Publications ) 92 ( 364 ) 940 - 957 2018.08 [Refereed]

Ancient genomes document multiple waves of migration in Southeast Asian prehistory.

Mark Lipson, Olivia Cheronet, Swapan Mallick, Nadin Rohland, Marc Oxenham, Michael Pietrusewsky, Thomas Oliver Pryce, Anna Willis, Hirofumi Matsumura, Hallie Buckley, Kate Domett, Giang Hai Nguyen, Hoang Hiep Trinh, Aung Aung Kyaw, Tin Tin Win, Baptiste Pradier, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Francesca Candilio, Piya Changmai, Daniel Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Beatriz Gamarra, Eadaoin Harney, Jatupol Kampuansai, Wibhu Kutanan, Megan Michel, Mario Novak, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kendra Sirak, Kristin Stewardson, Zhao Zhang, Pavel Flegontov, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich

Science (New York, N.Y.) 361 ( 6397 ) 92 - 95 2018.07 [Refereed] [International journal]

Southeast Asia is home to rich human genetic and linguistic diversity, but the details of past population movements in the region are not well known. Here, we report genome-wide ancient DNA data from 18 Southeast Asian individuals spanning from the Neolithic period through the Iron Age (4100 to 1700 years ago). Early farmers from Man Bac in Vietnam exhibit a mixture of East Asian (southern Chinese agriculturalist) and deeply diverged eastern Eurasian (hunter-gatherer) ancestry characteristic of Austroasiatic speakers, with similar ancestry as far south as Indonesia providing evidence for an expansive initial spread of Austroasiatic languages. By the Bronze Age, in a parallel pattern to Europe, sites in Vietnam and Myanmar show close connections to present-day majority groups, reflecting substantial additional influxes of migrants.

Cranio-morphometric and aDNA corroboration of the Austronesian dispersal model in ancient Island Southeast Asia: Support from Gua Harimau, Indonesia.

Hirofumi Matsumura, Ken-Ichi Shinoda, Truman Shimanjuntak, Adhi Agus Oktaviana, Sofwan Noerwidi, Harry Octavianus Sofian, Dyah Prastiningtyas, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Tsuneo Kakuda, Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Noboru Adachi, Hsiao-Chun Hung, Xuechun Fan, Xiujie Wu, Anna Willis, Marc F Oxenham

PloS one 13 ( 6 ) e0198689 2018 [Refereed] [International journal]

The Austronesian language is spread from Madagascar in the west, Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) in the east (e.g. the Philippines and Indonesian archipelagoes) and throughout the Pacific, as far east as Easter Island. While it seems clear that the remote ancestors of Austronesian speakers originated in Southern China, and migrated to Taiwan with the development of rice farming by c. 5500 BP and onto the northern Philippines by c. 4000 BP (the Austronesian Dispersal Hypothesis or ADH), we know very little about the origins and emergence of Austronesian speakers in the Indonesian Archipelago. Using a combination of cranial morphometric and ancient mtDNA analyses on a new dataset from Gua Hairmau, that spans the pre-Neolithic through to Metal Period (5712-5591cal BP to 1864-1719 cal BP), we rigorously test the validity of the ADH in ISEA. A morphometric analysis of 23 adult male crania, using 16 of Martin's standard measurements, was carried out with results compared to an East and Southeast Asian dataset of 30 sample populations spanning the Late Pleistocene through to Metal Period, in addition to 39 modern samples from East and Southeast Asia, near Oceania and Australia. Further, 20 samples were analyzed for ancient mtDNA and assigned to identified haplogroups. We demonstrate that the archaeological human remains from Gua Harimau cave, Sumatra, Indonesia provide clear evidence for at least two (cranio-morphometrically defined) and perhaps even three (in the context of the ancient mtDNA results) distinct populations from two separate time periods. The results of these analyses provide substantive support for the ADH model in explaining the origins and population history of ISEA peoples.

Dental phenotypic shape variation supports a multiple dispersal model for anatomically modern humans in Southeast Asia.

Julien Corny, Manon Galland, Marta Arzarello, Anne-Marie Bacon, Fabrice Demeter, Dominique Grimaud-Hervé, Charles Higham, Hirofumi Matsumura, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Thi Kim Thuy Nguyen, Viet Nguyen, Marc Oxenham, Thongsa Sayavongkhamdy, François Sémah, Laura L Shackelford, Florent Détroit

Journal of human evolution ( ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD ) 112 41 - 56 2017.11 [Refereed] [International journal]

The population history of anatomically modern humans (AMH) in Southeast Asia (SEA) is a highly debated topic. The impact of sea level variations related to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Neolithic diffusion on past population dispersals are two key issues. We have investigated competing AMH dispersal hypotheses in SEA through the analysis of dental phenotype shape variation on the basis of very large archaeological samples employing two complementary approaches. We first explored the structure of between- and within-group shape variation of permanent human molar crowns. Second, we undertook a direct test of competing hypotheses through a modeling approach. Our results identify a significant LGM-mediated AMH expansion and a strong biological impact of the spread of Neolithic farmers into SEA during the Holocene. The present work thus favors a "multiple AMH dispersal" hypothesis for the population history of SEA, reconciling phenotypic and recent genomic data.

保健医療総論1における学習効果に関する検討～学生に向けた３カ年のアンケー卜調査から～

吉戰淳一, 根木亨, 中村充雄, 木島輝美, 後藤葉子, 大塚知子, 植木瞳, 古名丈人, 池田望, 齋藤重幸, 古畑智久, 松村博文, 佐藤公美子, 谷口圭吾, 山本武志, 長多好萬, 牧野夏子, 横山まどか

札幌医保健科学雑誌 ( 札幌医科大学保健医療学部 ) 6 ( 6 ) 47 - 52 2017.03 [Refereed]

本学保健医療学部では、入学したばかりの看護・理学療法・作業療法3学科の1年次生全員が保健医療総論1を受講することとなっており、今回、その効果を、2014年度〜2016年度に保健医療総論1を受講した学生延べ270名を対象に授業開始前のオリエンテーション時、および授業終了時に実施した自由記述を含むアンケート調査から検討した。自由記述を内容分析した結果、授業開始前には【授業への前向きで意欲的な姿勢】をもちながらも【授業に対する不安と緊張】を抱えていたものが、授業終了後には【コミュニケーション理解の深化】【入学時にグループを用いて授業することの仲間づくりの効果】【授業の目的に対する評価】に変化していた。

Determination of the genetic characteristics of ancient skeletal remains excavated from the Gua Harimau site in Sumatra. In. Austronesian Diaspora -A New Perspective-

Shinoda K, Kakuda T, Kanzaw-Kiriyama H, Adachi N, Prastiningtyas D, Noerwidi S, Matsumura H

Gajah Mada University Press, Indonesia 511 - 521 2017 [Refereed]

Dealing with death in late neolithic to metal period nagsabaran, the Philippines

Marc Oxenham, Anna Willis, Hsiao-Chun Hung, Ruth Page, Hirofumi Matsumura

The Routledge Handbook of Bioarchaeology in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands ( Taylor and Francis ) 311 - 338 2016.01 [Refereed]

Out of Africa:ホモ・サピエンスのユーラシアへの拡散とアジア人の起源

Matsumura Hirofumi

生物の科学遺伝 ( エヌ・ティー・エス ) 70 ( 6 ) 451 - 459 2016

Optimal Ancient DNA Yields from the Inner Ear Part of the Human Petrous Bone.

Ron Pinhasi, Daniel Fernandes, Kendra Sirak, Mario Novak, Sarah Connell, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Fokke Gerritsen, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Andrey Gromov, Pál Raczky, Alexandra Anders, Michael Pietrusewsky, Gary Rollefson, Marija Jovanovic, Hiep Trinhhoang, Guy Bar-Oz, Marc Oxenham, Hirofumi Matsumura, Michael Hofreiter

PloS one ( PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE ) 10 ( 6 ) e0129102 2015 [Refereed] [International journal]

The invention and development of next or second generation sequencing methods has resulted in a dramatic transformation of ancient DNA research and allowed shotgun sequencing of entire genomes from fossil specimens. However, although there are exceptions, most fossil specimens contain only low (~ 1% or less) percentages of endogenous DNA. The only skeletal element for which a systematically higher endogenous DNA content compared to other skeletal elements has been shown is the petrous part of the temporal bone. In this study we investigate whether (a) different parts of the petrous bone of archaeological human specimens give different percentages of endogenous DNA yields, (b) there are significant differences in average DNA read lengths, damage patterns and total DNA concentration, and (c) it is possible to obtain endogenous ancient DNA from petrous bones from hot environments. We carried out intra-petrous comparisons for ten petrous bones from specimens from Holocene archaeological contexts across Eurasia dated between 10,000-1,800 calibrated years before present (cal. BP). We obtained shotgun DNA sequences from three distinct areas within the petrous: a spongy part of trabecular bone (part A), the dense part of cortical bone encircling the osseous inner ear, or otic capsule (part B), and the dense part within the otic capsule (part C). Our results confirm that dense bone parts of the petrous bone can provide high endogenous aDNA yields and indicate that endogenous DNA fractions for part C can exceed those obtained for part B by up to 65-fold and those from part A by up to 177-fold, while total endogenous DNA concentrations are up to 126-fold and 109-fold higher for these comparisons. Our results also show that while endogenous yields from part C were lower than 1% for samples from hot (both arid and humid) parts, the DNA damage patterns indicate that at least some of the reads originate from ancient DNA molecules, potentially enabling ancient DNA analyses of samples from hot regions that are otherwise not amenable to ancient DNA analyses.

Demographic transitions and migration in prehistoric East/Southeast Asia through the lens of nonmetric dental traits.

Hirofumi Matsumura, Marc F Oxenham

American journal of physical anthropology ( WILEY-BLACKWELL ) 155 ( 1 ) 45 - 65 2014.09 [Refereed] [International journal]

The aim of this study is to examine and assess the nonmetric dental trait evidence for the population history of East and Southeast Asia and, more specifically, to test the two-layer hypothesis for the peopling of Southeast Asia. Using a battery of 21 nonmetric dental traits we examine 7,247 individuals representing 58 samples drawn from East and Southeast Asian populations inhabiting the region from the late Pleistocene, through the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and into the historic and modern periods. The chief data reduction technique is a neighbor-joining tree generated from the triangular matrix of mean measure of divergence values. Principal findings indicated a major dichotomization of the dataset into (1) an early Southeast Asian sample with close affinities to modern Australian and Melanesian populations and (2) a very distinct grouping of ancient and modern Northeast Asians. Distinct patterns of clinal variation among Neolithic and post-Neolithic Mainland Southeast Asian samples suggest a center to periphery spread of genes into the region from Northeast Asia. This pattern is consistent with archaeological and linguistic evidence for demic diffusion that accompanied agriculturally driven population expansion in the Neolithic. Later Metal Age affinities between Island and Mainland coastal populations with Northeast Asian series is likely a consequence of a South China Sea interaction sphere operating from at least 500 BCE, if not from the Neolithic. Such results provide extensive support for the two-layer hypothesis to account for the population history of the region.

Hoabinhians: A key population with which to debate the peopling of Southeast Asia

Hirofumi Matsumura, Marc F. Oxenham, Nguyen Lan Cuong

Emergence and Diversity of Modern Human Behavior in Paleolithic Asia ( Texas A&M University Press ) 117 - 132 2014.01

人類進化と疾患

松村博文

札幌医保健科学雑誌 ( 札幌医科大学保健医療学部 ) 4 ( 4 ) 1 - 7 2014 [Refereed] [Invited]

保健医療総論1における学生へのアンケー卜を用いた学習効果に関する検討

吉戰淳一, 後藤葉子, 佐藤公美子, 根木亨, 中村充雄, 中井夏子, 長多好萬, 横山まどか, 大塚知子, 古名丈人, 池田望, 齋藤重幸, 古畑智久, 松村博文

札幌医保健科学雑誌 4 73 - 78 2014 [Refereed]

A comparative study of stress episode prevalence and duration among Jomon period foragers from Hokkaido.

Daniel H Temple, Jennifer N McGroarty, Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg, Masato Nakatsukasa, Hirofumi Matsumura

American journal of physical anthropology 152 ( 2 ) 230 - 8 2013.10 [Refereed] [International journal]

This study reconstructs linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) prevalence and stress episode duration among Jomon period foragers from Hokkaido, Japan (HKJ). Results are compared to Jomon period samples from coastal Honshu, Japan (HSJ) and Tigara Inupiat from Point Hope, Alaska (PHT) to provide a more comprehensive perspective on the manifestation of stress among circum-Pacific foragers. LEH were identified macro- and microscopically by enamel surface depressions and increased perikymata spacing within defects. Individuals with more than one anterior tooth affected by LEH were labeled as LEH positive. Stress episode durations were estimated by counting the number of perikymata within the occlusal wall of each LEH and multiplying that number by constants reflecting modal periodicities for modern human teeth. LEH prevalence and stress episode duration did not differ significantly between the two Jomon samples. Significantly greater frequencies of LEH were found in HKJ as compared to PHT foragers. However, HKJ foragers had significantly shorter stress episode durations as compared to PHT. This suggests that a greater proportion of HKJ individuals experienced stress episodes than did PHT individuals, but these stress events ended sooner. Similarity in stress experiences between the two Jomon samples and differences between the HKJ and PHT are found. These findings are important for two reasons. First, stress experiences of foraging populations differ markedly and cannot be generalized by subsistence strategy alone. Second, due to significant differences in episode duration, stress experiences cannot be understood using prevalence comparisons alone.

Metric characteristics of human limb bones in Asian and Japanese populations

Masatomi Kudaka, Hitoshi Fukase, Ryosuke Kimura, Tsunehiko Hanihara, Hirofumi Matsumura, Aiko Saso, Tadahiko Fukumine, Hajime Ishida

Anthropological Science 121 ( 1 ) 49 - 62 2013 [Refereed]

Twelve metric variables of the humerus, radius, femur, and tibia were investigated in 11 male samples from northeastern and eastern Asian populations. Variations among regions and correlations between latitude and respective measurements and indices were calculated and a principal component analysis was conducted to elucidate human limb bone characteristics. Significant correlation and marginally significant correlation were found for the maximum subtrochanteric diameter (r = 0.662, P = 0.027) and the platymeric index (r = -0.583, P = 0.060) with latitude, respectively, suggesting that the femur of northern Asians had a wide and flat subtrochanteric shape. The second principal component of the principal component analysis shows that the northeastern samples with comparatively long shaft length and thin and flat shaft diameters were discriminated from the southern samples the second principal component was significantly correlated with latitude (r = -0.743, P = 0.009). The estimated Fst value of 0.432-0.336 shows that the variation in limb bone measurements across regions is rather large, at approximately two or three times the low levels of interregional variation (0.078-0.180) in analyses of cranial and dental data. Limb bone morphology has been repeatedly proposed to be more strongly influenced by environmental and nutritional factors than cranial and dental traits, but this study is the first to confirm it on the basis of statistical analysis. © 2013 The Anthropological Society of Nippon.

Population dispersal from East Asia into Southeast Asia: Evidence from cranial and dental Morphology

Hirofumi Matsumura, Marc Oxenham

Bioarchaeology of East Asia: Movement, Contact, Health ( University Press of Florida ) 179 - 209 2013

Population history of northern Vietnamese inferred from nonmetric cranial trait variation

Tsunehiko Hanihara, Hirofumi Matsumura, Yoshinori Kawakubo, Nguyen Lan Coung, Nguyen Kim Thuy, Marc F. Oxenham, Yukio Dodo

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 120 ( 2 ) 157 - 165 2012.08 [Refereed]

In this study, nine nonmetric cranial traits were recorded for ancient human remains excavated at early prehistoric (the late Pleistocene, early Holocene, and Pre-Pottery Neolithic) and late prehistoric (the Neolithic and early Iron age) archeological sites in northern Vietnam. The comparative samples consist of prehistoric and early historic crania from the lower Yangtze River basin, together with recent cranial series from Vietnam, Thailand, South China, and Australia. The results, based mainly on the measure of divergence, are as follows: (1) the early prehistoric northern Vietnam group is distinct from the subsequent inhabitants of northern Vietnam and neighboring populations; (2) the cranial series of northern Vietnam and the surrounding region from the late prehistoric to recent times through early historic period exhibit relative homogeneity, suggesting population continuity; (3) the recent Han Chinese from southern China, one of the possible representatives of East Asians, are relatively distant from all groups from the prehistoric age onwards; and (4) a clear separation of Aboriginal Australians from all the comparative samples, including the early prehistoric northern Vietnamese, is evident. These findings suggest partial support for the two opposing hypotheses, i.e. the two-layer model and the regional-continuity model, for the population history of Southeast Asians, at least, in the northern Vietnamese region. This may be further compatible with the recent hypothesis for modern human dispersals: an earlier out-of-Africa expansion of Australians than other contemporary Eurasians including Southeast Asians.

歯の特徴による日本人の形成とアジア太平洋の人々 (特集古人類学・最新研究の動向) -- (日本列島人の形成史)

松村博文

季刊考古学 ( 雄山閣 ) 118 ( 118 ) 74 - 78 2012.02

Microstructural analysis of linear enamel hypoplasia and estimation of stress episode duration in Jomon period dental remains from Hokkaido with comparisons to other cold-adapted foragers

Mcgroarty Jennifer, Temple Daniel H, Guatelli-Steinberg Debbie, Nakatsukasa Masato, Matsumura Hirofumi

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 147 210 2012 [Refereed]

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hokkaido Jomon skeletons: remnants of archaic maternal lineages at the southwestern edge of former Beringia.

Noboru Adachi, Ken-ichi Shinoda, Kazuo Umetsu, Takashi Kitano, Hirofumi Matsumura, Ryuzo Fujiyama, Junmei Sawada, Masashi Tanaka

American journal of physical anthropology ( WILEY-BLACKWELL ) 146 ( 3 ) 346 - 60 2011.11 [Refereed] [International journal]

To clarify the colonizing process of East/Northeast Asia as well as the peopling of the Americas, identifying the genetic characteristics of Paleolithic Siberians is indispensable. However, no genetic information on the Paleolithic Siberians has hitherto been reported. In the present study, we analyzed ancient DNA recovered from Jomon skeletons excavated from the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido, which was connected with southern Siberia in the Paleolithic period. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed in detail, and we confidently assigned 54 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups N9b, D4h2, G1b, and M7a were observed in these individuals, with N9b being the predominant one. The fact that all these haplogroups, except M7a, were observed with relatively high frequencies in the southeastern Siberians, but were absent in southeastern Asian populations, implies that most of the Hokkaido Jomon people were direct descendants of Paleolithic Siberians. The coalescence time of N9b (ca. 22,000 years) was before or during the last glacial maximum, implying that the initial trigger for the Jomon migration in Hokkaido was increased glaciations during this period. Interestingly, Hokkaido Jomons lack specific haplogroups that are prevailing in present-day native Siberians, implying that diffusion of these haplogroups in Siberia might have been after the beginning of the Jomon era, about 15,000 years before present.

Do Body Proportions Among Jomon Foragers from Hokkaido Conform to Ecogeographic Expectations? Evolutionary Implications of Body Size and Shape Among Northerly Hunter-Gatherers

Daniel H. Temple, Hirofumi Matsumura

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY ( WILEY-BLACKWELL ) 21 ( 3 ) 268 - 282 2011.05 [Refereed]

This study documents and interprets adaptive postcranial morphology among prehistoric Jomon period foragers from Hokkaido, Japan (HKJ). The Hokkaido climate is differentiated from other Japanese islands by freezing winters with sea-ice accumulation in the northern regions. Increased brachial and crural indices are, however, observed among HKJ foragers, while body mass (BM) has not yet been estimated for these groups. Based on previous observations and paleoclimatic reconstructions, it was predicted that increased BM and increased distal relative to proximal limb lengths would typify HKJ foragers. Similar BM was observed between HKJ foragers and groups from colder environments. Intralimb indices do, however, suggest similarity between HKJ foragers and groups from high-latitude, warm environments. It is likely that HKJ foragers retained cold-derived BM in association with Pleistocene migrations to Hokkaido via Northeast Asia. That is, enlarged BM among HKJ foragers is associated with long-term evolution in a colder environment. Relatively elongated distal limbs may represent morphological response to a slightly warmer environment. Following migration to Japan from a colder environment, elongation of distal limb segments resulted in elevated brachial and crural indices. Relatively elongated distal appendages may also reflect positive nutritional status as HKJ people experienced lesser rates of systemic stress than other Jomon groups. It is also possible that elongated distal relative to proximal limbs are associated with neutral mutation and genetic drift. This interpretation suggests a neutral mutation associated with relative limb length in some HKJ ancestor with subsequent spread of this allele through isolation and drift. Ontogenetic and temporal studies of intralimb indices among Jomon people are necessary to further evaluate these interpretations. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Genotype frequencies of the ABCC11 gene in 2000-3000-year-old human bones from the Epi-Jomon and Jomon sites in Hokkaido, Japan

Hisako Kazuta, Takehiro Sato, Yukio Dodo, Hirofumi Matsumura, Tetsuya Amano, Hajime Ishida, Ryuichi Masuda

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 119 ( 1 ) 81 - 86 2011.04 [Refereed]

In order to investigate further the allele frequencies of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette sub-family C11 (ABCC11) gene, which determines earwax phenotypes, among ancient populations in Hokkaido, Japan, the single-nucleotide polymorphism and the 27 bp deletion in the ABCC11 gene were analyzed in ancient DNA extracted from 38 Epi-Jomon, 24 Jomon, and one Satsumon specimens excavated from various archaeological sites in Hokkaido. Of the specimens analyzed, 10 Epi-Jomon and three Jomon specimens were successfully genotyped. One homozygote for the 27 bp deletion was found first in one Epi-Jomon specimen. Including previously reported data on the Okhotsk people and modern Ainu, exact tests of population differentiation showed that allele frequencies of the ABCC11 gene between the Jomon people and Ainu were statistically significantly different, whereas those between the Jomon and Epi-Jomon people and those between the Epi-Jomon people and Ainu were not significantly different. This result indicates that the Ainu, direct descendants of the Jomon people, were genetically affected by populations who possessed high frequencies of allele A (recessive dry allele) of the ABCC11 locus after the Jomon period.

On the origin of pre-Angkorian peoples: perspectives from cranial and dental affinity of the human remains from Iron Age Phum Snay, Cambodia

Hirofumi Matsumura, Kate M. Domett, Dougald J. W. O'Reilly

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 119 ( 1 ) 67 - 79 2011.04 [Refereed]

This article presents the results of an assessment of the morphological affinities of the skeletal remains from a large mortuary assemblage, dated to Iron Age, in Phum Snay, a village in Banteay Meanchey Province, northwest Cambodia. The purpose of the research is to address the origin of these pre-Angkorian people. Multivariate comparisons using cranial and dental metrics, as well as dental nonmetric traits, demonstrate that the characteristic affinities intermediate between the early Holocene Hoabinhian groups akin to Australo-Melanesians and the present-day people in the mainland Southeast Asia. This finding suggests that the ancient people of Phum Snay preserved genetic traits of early indigenous populations, whereas modern mainland Southeast Asians, including Cambodians, were more affected by gene flow from later migrants from East Asia into this region.

An son and the neolithic of Southern Vietnam

Peter Bellwood, Marc Oxenham, Bui Chi Hoang, Nguyen Kim Dzung, Anna Willis, Carmen Sarjeant, Philip Piper, Hirofumi Matsumura, Katsunori Tanaka, Nancy Beavan-Athfield, Thomas Higham, Nguyen Quoc Manh, Dang Ngoc Kinh, Nguyen Khanh Trung Kien, Vo Thanh Huong, Van Ngoc Bich, Tran Thi Kim Quy, Nguyen Phuong Thao, Fredeliza Campos, Yo-Ichiro Sato, Nguyen Lan Cuong, Noel Amano

Asian Perspectives ( University of Hawaii Press ) 50 ( 1-2 ) 144 - 175 2011 [Refereed]

Between 4500 and 3500 years ago, partially intrusive Neolithic populations in the riverine basins of mainland Southeast Asia began to form mounded settlements and to develop economies based on rice cultivation, fishing, hunting, and the domestication of animals, especially pigs and dogs. A number of these sites have been excavated in recent years and they are often large mounds that can attain several meters in depth, comprising successive layers of alluvial soil brought in periodically to serve as living floors. The site of An Son is of this type and lies in a small valley immediately north of the Mekong Delta in southern Vietnam. Excavated on five occasions since 1978, and most recently in 2009, it was occupied from the late third into the late second millennium b.c. An Son has produced evidence that attests the domestication of pigs and dogs in all layers apart (perhaps) from the most basal one, which was not investigated in 2009, together with the growing of rice of the subspecies Oryza sativa japonica, of Chinese Neolithic origin. The oldest pottery has simple incised and punctate zoned decoration with parallels in central Thailand, especially in the basal phases at Nong Nor and Khok Phanom Di. From its middle and later occupation phases (1800-1200 b.c.), An Son has produced a number of supine extended burials with finely decorated pottery grave goods that carry some unique forms, especially vessels with wavy or serrated rims. The An Son burials represent a Neolithic population that expressed a mixture of both indigenous Hoabinhian and more northerly (probably Neolithic southern Chinese) cranial and dental phenotypes, perhaps representing a likely ancestral population for some of the modern Austroasiatic-speaking populations of mainland Southeast Asia. © 2013 by the University of Hawai'i Press.

Polymorphisms and allele frequencies of the ABO blood group gene among the Jomon, Epi-Jomon and Okhotsk people in Hokkaido, northern Japan, revealed by ancient DNA analysis.

Takehiro Sato, Hisako Kazuta, Tetsuya Amano, Hiroko Ono, Hajime Ishida, Haruto Kodera, Hirofumi Matsumura, Minoru Yoneda, Yukio Dodo, Ryuichi Masuda

Journal of human genetics ( NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP ) 55 ( 10 ) 691 - 6 2010.10 [Refereed] [International journal]

To investigate the genetic characteristics of the ancient populations of Hokkaido, northern Japan, polymorphisms of the ABO blood group gene were analyzed for 17 Jomon/Epi-Jomon specimens and 15 Okhotsk specimens using amplified product-length polymorphism and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. Five ABO alleles were identified from the Jomon/ Epi-Jomon and Okhotsk people. Allele frequencies of the Jomon/Epi-Jomon and Okhotsk people were compared with those of the modern Asian, European and Oceanic populations. The genetic relationships inferred from principal component analyses indicated that both Jomon/Epi-Jomon and Okhotsk people are included in the same group as modern Asian populations. However, the genetic characteristics of these ancient populations in Hokkaido were significantly different from each other, which is in agreement with the conclusions from mitochondrial DNA and ABCC11 gene analyses that were previously reported.

Morphometric Features of Femurs in the Okhotsk People

MATSUMURA HIROFUMI, HADOSON MAKU J, KAWAMURA KENTARO, KASHIWA TAKASHI

Anthropol Science Jpn Ser ( The Anthropological Society of Nippon ) 118 ( 2 ) 69 - 82 2010 [Refereed]

Skeletal femoral measurements were recorded for Okhotsk Cultural people (5–12 century) uncovered from northern and eastern Hokkaido, Japan, in order to clarify the regional differences among the two Okhotsk groups, and to find those specific features in comparison with the other ethnic groups in Hokkaido represented by Neolithic Jomon, Epi-Jomon and modern Ainu. The results demonstrated that the femurs of the eastern Okhotsk sample, mainly from the Moyoro Shell Mound site, are significantly larger in length of the shaft, thickness of the proximal shafts, diameters of the head and neck than those of the northern Okhotsk sample from the Ohmisaki and Hamanaka sites, and also than the Jomon/Epi-Jomon and Ainu femurs. Meanwhile, the northern Okhotsk people less differed in morphometric femoral features from the Jomon/Epi-Jomon and Ainu than the eastern Okhotsk sample did. Discriminant function analyses using these femoral measurements divided the two Okhotsk samples and Jomon/Ainu at high level of accuracies (>90%), with finding the difference in both the femoral size and proportion among the shaft length and/or thickness at various portions.

Mitochondrial DNA haplogrouping of the Okhotsk people based on analysis of ancient DNA: an intermediate of gene flow from the continental Sakhalin people to the Ainu

Takehiro Sato, Tetsuya Amano, Hiroko Ono, Hajime Ishida, Haruto Kodera, Hirofumi Matsumura, Minoru Yoneda, Ryuichi Masuda

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 117 ( 3 ) 171 - 180 2009.12 [Refereed]

In order to further understand the genetic status of the Okhotsk people, who were distributed in southern coastal regions of the Okhotsk Sea during the 5th-13th centuries, nucleotide variations in the hypervariable region (HVR) and the coding regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed. Targeting the coding regions provides reliable genetic information even from ancient DNAs that may have suffered post-mortem damage. MtDNA haplogroups of 38 individuals were classified according to mtDNA lineages known in northeastern Asian people. Comparisons of mtDNA haplogroup frequencies between the Okhotsk people and other Asian populations revealed that the genetic structures of the Okhotsk people are very similar to those of populations currently living around lower regions of the Amur River and the Ainu of Hokkaido. The results support our previous Study on molecular phylogeny of mtDNA HVR I sequences, and strongly suggest that the Okhotsk people originated around the lower regions of the Amur River and became an intermediate of gene flow from the continental Sakhalin people to the Ainu.

Dental characteristics of Tohoku residents in Japan: implications for biological affinity with ancient Emishi

Hirofumi Matsumura, Yukio Dodo

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 117 ( 2 ) 95 - 105 2009.08 [Refereed]

The Population history of Japan has been widely interpreted in terms of an original Jomon occupation from the Neolithic period followed by admixture with Yayoi immigrants associated with the spread of rice farming agriculture From western Japan According to this perspective, the people in areas remote from the western mainland island Of Honshu, Japan Would be less affected by the genes of immigrants This article uses Metric and nonmetric dental data to examine the genetic Influence of Immigrants among the early modern Edo and modern residents in the Tohoku district of northeastern Honshu The results of these dental-trait analyses Suggest a smaller gene flow of immigrants in Tohoku people. as compared to contemporary Japanese in the central and western parts of Japan The metric dental data Imply the gene flow from the west to the north was still due mainly to the males even in recent times. The findings of some Jomon features in the late historic and modern Tohoku tooth samples support the speculation that the ancient inhabitants of this region, in the past referred to as 'Emishi', are people who still have preserved genetic traits of the indigenous people.

Biological affinities of Okhotsk-culture people with East Siberians and Arctic people based on dental characteristics

Hirofumi Matsumura, Hajime Ishida, Tetsuya Amano, Hiroko Ono, Minoru Yoneda

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 117 ( 2 ) 121 - 132 2009.08 [Refereed]

This paper examines the Population affinity of the Okhotsk-culture people who settled along the northeastern coastal areas of the islands of Hokkaido and Sakhalin during the 5th and 11th Centuries, oil the bases of dental metric and nonmetric features Based oil neighbor-joining analyses of both metric and nonmetric data, the Okhostk people, eastern Siberians, and Subarctic American natives were linked more closely to each other than to other East Asian and Pacific samples In particular, the nonmetric data analysis demonstrated the close linkage between the Okhotsk people and tribes ill the Amur River Basin. suggesting that the Okhotsk people were descended From eastern Siberians who might share common ancestry with the present-day Amur people and subarctic Americans Beside the above demonstration of Okhotsk affinities among the populations settling along the Circum Sea of the Okhotsk rim, as far as the metric dental traits are concerned, close resemblances were found between the Okhotsk, Neolithic Jomon, and Hokkaido Ainu However, with regard to their overall dental characteristics. it is not clear whether such odontmetric similarities indicate the evidence Of Substantial genetic interaction between the Okhotsk and Jomon-Ainu lineages, because their nonmetric traits data indicate a quite distant relationship from each other.

Paralysis and severe disability requiring intensive care in Neolithic Asia

Marc F. Oxenham, Lorna Tilley, Hirofumi Matsumura, Lan Cuong Nguyen, Kim Thuy Nguyen, Kim Dung Nguyen, Kate Domett, Damien Huffer

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 117 ( 2 ) 107 - 112 2009.08 [Refereed]

This communication documents one of the earliest verifiable cases of human paralysis associated with severe spinal pathology A series of skeletal abnormalities is described for a young adult male (M9) from a Southeast Asian Neolithic community Differential diagnosis suggests that M9 suffered from a severely disabling congenital fusion of the spine (Klippel-Feil Syndrome, Type III), resulting, in child-onset lower body paralysis at a minimum (maximally quadriplegia). M9 experienced severe, most probably total, incapacitation for at least a decade prior to death In the prehistoric context, this individual's condition would have rendered him completely dependent oil others for survival

Allele frequencies of the ABCC11 gene for earwax phenotypes among ancient populations of Hokkaido, Japan.

Takehiro Sato, Tetsuya Amano, Hiroko Ono, Hajime Ishida, Haruto Kodera, Hirofumi Matsumura, Minoru Yoneda, Ryuichi Masuda

Journal of human genetics ( NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP ) 54 ( 7 ) 409 - 13 2009.07 [Refereed] [International journal]

Human earwax is classified into wet and dry types, which are determined by a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, sub-family C11 (ABCC11) gene locus. To investigate the allele frequencies of the ABCC11 locus within ancient populations on the Northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, amplified product-length polymorphisms were analyzed for 50 specimens of the Okhotsk people and 35 specimens of the Jomon and Epi-Jomon people excavated from various archaeological sites of Hokkaido. Of these specimens, 31 Okhotsk and 19 Jomon/Epi-Jomon samples were genotyped successfully. Frequencies of the wet-type allele in the Jomon/Epi-Jomon people, considered a major ancestor of the Ainu, were higher than those of other Northeastern Asian populations, including the modern Ainu. By contrast, in the Okhotsk people, believed to originate from East Siberia, frequencies of the dry-type allele were relatively higher than those in the Ainu and Jomon/Epi-Jomon people. These results suggest that gene flow from the Northeastern Asian Continent to descendants of the Jomon/Epi-Jomon people of Hokkaido through the Okhotsk people occurred, resulting in the establishment of the Ainu.

A case of lower limb paralysis in an adult male dated to 3800–3400 BP, Northern Vietnam: Implications for quality of life and care

F. Oxenham, H. Matsumura, L. Tilley, Nguyen Lan Cuong, Nguyen Kim Thuy

HOMO ( Elsevier BV ) 60 ( 3 ) 254 - 255 2009.05 [Refereed]

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Jomon skeletons from the Funadomari site, Hokkaido, and its implication for the origins of Native American.

Noboru Adachi, Ken-ichi Shinoda, Kazuo Umetsu, Hirofumi Matsumura

American journal of physical anthropology ( WILEY-LISS ) 138 ( 3 ) 255 - 65 2009.03 [Refereed] [International journal]

Ancient DNA recovered from 16 Jomon skeletons excavated from Funadomari site, Hokkaido, Japan was analyzed to elucidate the genealogy of the early settlers of the Japanese archipelago. Both the control and coding regions of their mitochondrial DNA were analyzed in detail, and we could securely assign 14 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups D1a, M7a, and N9b were observed in these individuals, and N9b was by far the most predominant. The fact that haplogroups N9b and M7a were observed in Hokkaido Jomons bore out the hypothesis that these haplogroups are the (pre-) Jomon contribution to the modern Japanese mtDNA pool. Moreover, the fact that Hokkaido Jomons shared haplogroup D1 with Native Americans validates the hypothesized genetic affinity of the Jomon people to Native Americans, providing direct evidence for the genetic relationships between these populations. However, probably due to the small sample size or close consanguinity among the members of the site, the frequencies of the haplogroups in Funadomari skeletons were quite different from any modern populations, including Hokkaido Ainu, who have been regarded as the direct descendant of the Hokkaido Jomon people. It appears that the genetic study of ancient populations in northern part of Japan brings important information to the understanding of human migration in northeast Asia and America.

Terminal Pleistocene human skeleton from Hang Cho Cave, northern Vietnam: implications for the biological affinities of Hoabinhian people

Hirofumi Matsumura, Minoru Yoneda, Yukio Dodo, Marc F. Oxenham, Nguyen Lan Cuong, Nguyen Kim Thuy, Lam My Dung, Vu The Long, Mariko Yamagata, Junmei Sawada, Kenichi Shinoda, Wataru T. Akigawa

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 116 ( 3 ) 201 - 217 2008.12 [Refereed]

An excavation at the cave site of Hang Cho in northern Vietnam resulted in the discovery of a terminal Pleistocene human skeleton in a relatively good state of preservation. The material culture from this site belongs to the pre-ceramic Hoabinhian period. An AMS radiocarbon date on a tooth sample extracted from this individual gives a calibrated age of 10450 300 years BP. In discussions of the population history of Southeast Asia, it has been repeatedly advocated that Southeast Asia was occupied by indigenous people akin to present-day Australo-Melanesians prior to the Neolithic expansion of migrants from Northeast Asia into the area. Cranial and dental metric analyses were undertaken in order to assess the biological affinity of early settlers in this region. The results suggest that the Hang Cho skeleton, as well as other early or pre-Holocene remains in Southeast Asia, represent descendants of colonizing populations of late Pleistocene Sundaland, who may share a common ancestry with present-day Australian Aboriginal and Melanesian people.

Temporal variation and interaction between nutritional and developmental instability in prehistoric Japanese populations.

Kara C Hoover, Hirofumi Matsumura

American journal of physical anthropology ( WILEY-LISS ) 137 ( 4 ) 469 - 78 2008.12 [Refereed] [International journal]

We examined nutritional and developmental instability in prehistoric Japan, using data from 49 individuals across 13 archaeological sites. Hypoplasia incidence was used as a measure of nutritional stress, and fluctuating asymmetry (of upper facial breath, orbital breadth, and orbital height) as an indirect assessment of developmental instability. Abundant resources due to a stable climate during the Middle Jomon (5,000-3,000 BP) encouraged population growth, which led to regional cultural homogeneity and complexity. A population crash on Honshu in the Late/Final Jomon (roughly 4,000-2,000 BP) led to regionally divergent subsistence economies and settlement patterns. We find that the nutritional stress was consistent between periods, but developmental instability (DI) decreased in the Late/Final Jomon. While the DI values were not statistically significant, the higher values for Middle Jomon may result from sedentism, social stratification, and differential access to resources. On Hokkaido, Jomon culture persisted until the Okhotsk period (1,000-600 BP), marked by the arrival of immigrants from Sakhalin. Nutritional stress was consistent between Middle and Late/Final Jomon, but DI increased in the Late/Final. Nutritional and developmental instability decreased from Late/Final to Okhotsk, suggesting a positive immigrant effect. We expected to find an association between stress markers due to the synergistic relationship between nutrition and pathology. The data support this hypothesis, but only one finding was statistically significant. While high critical values from small sample sizes place limits on the significance of our results, we find that the impact of environmental and cultural change to prehistoric Japanese populations was minimal.

Morphometric affinity of the late Neolithic human remains from Man Bac, Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam: key skeletons with which to debate the 'two layer' hypothesis

Hirofumi Matsumura, Marc F. Oxenham, Yukio Dodo, Kate Domett, Nguyen Kim Thuy, Nguyen Lan Coung, Nguyen Kim dung, Damien Huffer, Mariko Yamagata

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 116 ( 2 ) 135 - 148 2008.08 [Refereed]

The excavation of the Mail Bac site (c. 3800-3500 years BP) in Ninh Birth Province, Northern Vietnam, yielded a large mortuary assemblage. A total of 3 1 inhumations were recovered during the 2004-2005 excavation. Multivariate comparisons using cranial and dental metrics demonstrated close affinities of the Man Bac people to later early Metal Age Dong Son Vietnamese and early and modern samples from southern China including the Neolithic to Western Han period samples from the Yangtze Basin. In contrast, large morphological gaps were found between the Mail Bac people, except for a single individual, and the other earlier prehistoric Vietnamese samples represented by Hoabinhian and early Neolithic Bac Soil and Da But Cultural contexts. These findings suggest the initial appearance of immigrants in northern Vietnam, who were biologically related to pre- or early historic population stocks in northern or eastern peripheral areas, including Southern China. The Mail Bac skeletons support the two-layer hypothesis it discussions pertaining to the population history Of Southeast Asia.

Oral and physiological paleohealth in cold adapted peoples: Northeast Asia, Hokkaido.

Marc F Oxenham, Hirofumi Matsumura

American journal of physical anthropology ( WILEY-LISS ) 135 ( 1 ) 64 - 74 2008.01 [Refereed] [International journal]

This paper examines variables useful in reconstructing oral (caries, antemortem tooth loss, alveolar defects) and physiological (cribra orbitalia, linear enamel hypoplasia) well-being in two bioarchaeological assemblages from Hokkaido, Japan: Okhotsk (n = 37 individuals) and Jomon (n = 60). Findings are compared and contrasted with each other, with published series from Honshu Japan, and samples from climatically near-equivalent Alaska. It was found that more meaningful comparisons of Hokkaido paleohealth could be made with Alaskan material, rather than the more southerly Jomon. Results were ambiguous with respect to physiological well-being. Low levels of LEH in the cold-adapted samples suggest operating in arctic and subarctic environments with marine-based subsistence regimes is not physiologically expensive. However, the relatively high levels of cribra orbitalia in Hokkaido, relative to Alaska, suggest the picture is not straightforward: the reasons for elevated cribra orbitalia in Hokkaido are unclear. The subarctic and arctic samples formed three broadly similar groupings in terms of oral health profiles: (1) Aleuts and Eskimo; (2) Ipiutak and Tigara; (3) Hokkaido Jomon, Okhotsk, and Kodiak Island. Differences between these groupings could be explained with a combination of sample demographics and subsistence orientations. The extremely high frequency of caries in one sample, caribou hunting Ipiutak, may have been influenced by factors such as low levels of dietary magnesium and potentially cariogenic foodstuffs, such as preparations of caribou stomach contents. It was concluded that oral health profiles are potentially sensitive to differences in subsistence strategies among cold-adapted hunter-gatherers, although they lack predictive value.

Health and the experience of childhood in late Neolithic Vietnam

Oxenham, MF, Matsumura H, Domett K, Thuy NK, Dung K, Cuong NL, Hiffer D, Muller S

Asian Perspectives 47 190 - 209 2008 [Refereed]

ベトナムでのフィールドワーク:東南アジアの人類史の解明をめざして

松村博文

Anthropol Science Jpn Ser ( The Anthropological Society of Nippon ) 116 ( 1 ) 83 - 90 2008 [Refereed]

Non-metric dental trait variation among local sites and regional groups of the Neolithic Jomon period, Japan

Hirofumi Matsumura

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 115 ( 1 ) 25 - 33 2007.04 [Refereed]

Inter-populational heterogeneity of the Neolithic Jomon hunter-gatherers of Japan was examined via 21 non-metric dental traits. Skeletal samples from nine local sites and five regional groups of the middle to final stages of the Jornon period were analyzed, and inter-site comparisons were made among five representative sites (Ubayama, Nakazuma, Ikawazu, Yoshiko, and Tsukumo). Statistically significant differences were found in 4/21 traits in the inter-site comparisons, and in 5/21 traits in the inter-regional comparisons between the Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Tokai, and Sanyo groups. Smith's distances suggest that the inter-regional differences within the Jomon assemblages are minor when compared with differences from the non-Jomon samples such as the Yayoi immigrants, Kofun, and modem Japanese. Furthermore, examination of the wider geographical variation of the Jornon people (eastern versus western) revealed significant differences in only 2/21 traits. Distance analysis showed that the eastern and western Jomon groups clustered together, and exhibited the greatest affinities with present-day Southeast Asians among comparable East Asian and Pacific population samples. The Jornon people can be collectively regarded as relatively homogeneous, within the broader context of East Asian and Pacific intra-population variation.

Human bones from Hang Cho site (Hoa Binh)

Cuong NL, Thuy NK, Matsumura H, Oxenham M, Dodo Y

Vietnam Archaeology 5 3 - 17 2007

Origins and genetic features of the Okhotsk people, revealed by ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis.

Takehiro Sato, Tetsuya Amano, Hiroko Ono, Hajime Ishida, Haruto Kodera, Hirofumi Matsumura, Minoru Yoneda, Ryuichi Masuda

Journal of human genetics ( SPRINGER TOKYO ) 52 ( 7 ) 618 - 627 2007 [Refereed] [International journal]

In order to investigate the phylogenetic status of the Okhotsk people that were distributed in northern and eastern Hokkaido as well as southern Sakhalin during the fifth to the thirteenth centuries, DNA was carefully extracted from human bone and tooth remains excavated from archaeological sites. The hypervariable region 1 sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were successfully amplified and 16 mtDNA haplotypes were identified from 37 individuals of the Okhotsk people. Of the 16 haplotypes found, 6 were unique to the Okhotsk people, whereas the other 10 were shared by northeastern Asian people that are currently distributed around Sakhalin and downstream of the Amur River. The phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA sequences showed that the Okhotsk people were more closely related to the Nivkhi and Ulchi people among populations of northeastern Asia. In addition, the Okhotsk people had a relatively closer genetic affinity with the Ainu people of Hokkaido, and were likely intermediates of gene flow from the northeastern Asian people to the Ainu people. These findings support the hypothesis that the Okhotsk culture joined the Satsumon culture (direct descendants of the Jomon people) resulting in the Ainu culture, as suggested by previous archaeological and anthropological studies.

Early historic human remains from the Hasekouji-Shuhen site in Kamakura, Japan

Hirofumi Matsumura, Minoru Yoneda, Hideaki Shudai

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 114 ( 3 ) 199 - 210 2006.12 [Refereed]

Eight human skeletons in a good state of preservation have been recovered from excavations at the Hasekouji-Shuhen site in Kamakura city, Kanto region, Japan. We conducted AMS radiocarbon dating that revealed the skeletons to belong to the early historic Asuka, Nara, and early Heian periods (circa 670-970 calAD). In terms of their cranial, dental, and limb bone measurements, the Hasekouji-Shuhen skeletons exhibit morphological characteristics that show affinities with the earlier Yayoi series, which are generally considered to represent immigrant populations from the Asian continent. Furthermore, an early indication of dolichocephalization was observed in these early historic people, a trait which became more pronounced in later medieval times. Three adult males have scars that may have been caused by assaults with a spear or a sword-like weapon. One male individual exhibits skeletal abnormalities including multiple cartilaginous exostosis.

Records of murine rodents (Mammalia, Rodentia) in the Pleistocene localities of Tan Vinh and Ma U'Oi (Northern Vietnam) and their implications to past distribution

Anne-Marie Bacon, Fabrice Demeter, Philippe Duringer, Stéphane Rousse, Yukio Dodo, Hirofumi Matsumura, Vu The Long, Nguyen Kim Thuy, Nguyen Thi Mai Huong, Tomoko Anezaki

Annales de Paleontologie 92 ( 4 ) 367 - 383 2006.10 [Refereed]

We describe two Vietnamese fossiliferous sites located in Hoà Binh province, northern Vietnam. The site of Tan Vinh, first described here, is a quarry opened in Triassic limestone which exposes a karstic network and its filling. One of the fissure filling contained 104 molars of Leopoldamys sabanus (Rodentia, Muridae). The biochronological age of these deposits can be estimated from late Middle Pleistocene to Holocene. The site of Ma U'Oi is a cave opened in a karstified limestone which yielded 56 molars of four species of Muridae in two assemblages: Niviventer andersoni, L. sabanus, Niviventer fulvescens among a mammal fauna dated from late Middle Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene, and L. sabanus, N. fulvescens and Hapalomys delacouri among a microvertebrate fauna dated to the late Middle Pleistocene. First, we present a description of the two sites in terms of sedimentology. Secondly, we compare molars dimensions of the most common murids, L. sabanus and N. fulvescens, recovered at Ma U'Oi and Tan Vinh, with those recovered in a Thai site. The size difference between the specimens of the two species, especially those of L. sabanus in great numbers, from the northern sites and those from the Thai site suggests a cline which can be due to latitudinal differences in palaeotemperatures. The occurrence of N. andersoni, L. sabanus, N. fulvescens in Pleistocene Vietnamese sites allow to update the past distribution of these species. © 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

"Sundadonty" and the population history of Southeast Asia: A reply to Turner

Mark J. Hudson, Hirofumi Matsumura

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ( WILEY-LISS ) 130 ( 4 ) 458 - 461 2006.08 [Refereed]

II DNAデータベース 3.北海道縄文・続縄文人骨のミトコンドリアDNA解析(続報)

安達登, 坂上和弘, 百々幸雄, 篠田謙一, 梅津和夫, 松村博文, 大島直行

DNA polymorphism 14 86 - 90 2006.05 [Refereed]

Which morphology of dry bone articular surfaces suggests so-called fibrous ankylosis in the elderly human sacroiliac joint?

Hidenori Ikeno, Hirofumi Matsumura, Gen Murakami, Toshio J Sato, Makoto Ohta

Anatomical science international ( BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ) 81 ( 1 ) 39 - 46 2006.03 [Refereed] [Domestic journal]

Usually, joint degeneration with aging results in articular cartilage defects, which results in bony ankylosis. However, the sacroiliac articular cartilage is maintained even in the elderly and the fibrous tissues make so-called 'fibrous ankylosis'. Macroscopically and histologically, we observed two sacroiliac joints obtained from one young cadaver as well as 23 sacroiliac joints from 23 elderly cadavers. Each joint was divided into two pieces along the long axis: one half was processed for routine histology after decalcification, whereas the other half was macerated to provide a dry bone specimen. The articular cartilage consistently contained abundant fibers and some of the fibers connected to tight intra-articular fiber bands. Fiber insertion into the thin subchondral bone displayed a tidemark in a spotty manner. Thus, the calcified fibrocartilage seemed to be present and seemed to provide fine granularity on the dry bone specimen. The joint cavity was sometimes closed with fibrocartilage-like tissues: we termed this complete fibrous ankylosis. The dry bone specimen corresponding to complete fibrous ankylosis exhibited significant microporosity and granularity because of fragmented subchondral bone. Moreover, bony ankylosis along the sacroiliac joint margin also contained fibrocartilage-like tissues. Therefore, complete fibrous ankylosis is also likely to be the preliminary step to bony ankylosis in the entire joint area. Consequently, microporosity with granularity seemed to be the most critical anthropological characteristic for estimation of sacroiliac joint movability.

New palaeontological assemblage, sedimentological and chronological data from the Pleistocene Ma U'Oi cave (northern Vietnam)

AM Bacon, F Demeter, S Rousse, VT Long, P Duringer, PO Antoine, NK Thuy, BT Mai, NTM Huong, Y Dodo, H Matsumura, M Schuster, T Anezaki

PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY ( ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV ) 230 ( 3-4 ) 280 - 298 2006.01 [Refereed]

This paper describes recent material gathered during the second fieldwork at Ma U'Oi in November 2002 by a Vietnamese-French-Japanese team. The Ma U'Oi cave, located in the province of Hoa Binh (60 km SW from Hanoi), northern Vietnam, belongs to a karstic network developed in Triassic dark-grey limestones. The cave is filled with coarse-grained breccias containing numerous fossil remains, partially preserved at several-loci inside the cave (wall, vault and ground). We describe new teeth which confirm the occurrence of mammal taxa already mentioned at Ma U'Oi (Bacon et al., 2004)[Bacon, A-M., Demeter, F., Schuster, M., Long, VT., Thuy, N.K., Antoine, P-O., Sen, S., Nga, H.H., Huong, N.T.M., 2004. The Pleistocene Ma U'Oi cave, northern Vietnam: palaeontology, sedimentology and palaeoenvironments. Geobios 37, 305-314], while others, mainly microvertebrates, emphasize the occurrence of new species for the Pleistocene of Vietnam. We report here, for the first time, the occurrence of these microvertebrates of different groups (primates, rodents, insectivores, small reptiles and amphibians) in the faunal assemblage. Among mammal taxa, the presence of one more hominid affiliated to archaic Homo is also attested by our findings. U/Th dating carried out on 2 samples extracted from breccia speleothems confirms the biochronological estimate, with fossiliferous fillings ranging from late Middle Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in Late Jomon Hokkaido, Japan

MF Oxenham, H Matsumura, T Nishimoto

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY ( JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD ) 16 ( 1 ) 34 - 46 2006.01 [Refereed]

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the evidence for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in samples of human skeletal material recovered from Late Jomon (ca. 1500-300 BCE) and Okhotsk (CE 500-900) cultural period sites, northwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Two individuals from the Jomon period assemblage (n=14) exhibited lesions consistent with DISH, while the larger Okhotsk sample (n=39) was free of this condition. The aetiology of this condition is reviewed with reference to the clinical and bioarchaeological literature, in addition to behavioural and environmental considerations specific to this region and these time periods. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

市原城郭跡出土の中近世人骨

加藤久雄, 宮口浩徳, 松村博文

市原市文化財センター研究紀要 VI 6 51 - 60 2006

Embodying Okhotsk ethnicity: Human skeletal remains from the Aonae Dune site, Okushiri Island, Hokkaido

Hirofumi Matsumura, Mark J. Hudson, Kenichiro Koshida, Yoichi Minakawa

Asian Perspectives ( University of Hawaii Press ) 45 ( 1 ) 1 - 23 2006 [Refereed]

This article describes human skeletal remains from the Aonae Dune site, Okushiri Island, Hokkaido, Japan. Skeletal remains of an adult female and two subadults were excavated in 2002. Although these remains derived from Okhotsk culture contexts, analyses of cranial and tooth crown measurements demonstrated that Aonae Dune No. 1 (the adult female), Aonae Dune No. 2 (a child of about 11 years), and Aonae Dune No. 3 (a child of about 6 years) are morphologically closer to Epi-Jōmon or Jōmon and Ainu populations and significantly different from other Okhotsk samples in Hokkaido. It is argued that these three skeletons probably represent individuals from a different culture who were adopted into Okhotsk society. © 2006 by the University of Hawai'i Press.

姉崎棗塚遺跡の中世人骨について

松村博文, 中村恵美, 鈴木隆雄, 三谷圭

市原市文化財センター研究紀要 VI 6 5 - 40 2006

Ancient DNA analysis of the people in the Okhotsk culture.

Sato T, Ono H, Amano T, Ishida H, Kodera H, Matsumura H, Yoneda M, Masuda R

Anthropological Science 114 ( 3 ) 236 2006 [Refereed]

Dental perspectives on the population history of southeast Asia

H Matsumura, MJ Hudson

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ( WILEY-BLACKWELL ) 127 ( 2 ) 182 - 209 2005.06 [Refereed]

This article uses metric and nonmetric dental data to test the "two-layer" or immigration hypothesis whereby Southeast Asia was initially occupied by an "Australo-Melanesian" population that later underwent substantial genetic admixture with East Asian immigrants associated with the spread of agriculture from the Neolithic period onwards. We examined teeth from 4,002 individuals comprising 42 prehistoric and historic samples from East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Melanesia. For the odontometric analysis, dental size proportions were compared using factor analysis and Q-mode correlation coefficients, and overall tooth size was also compared between population samples. Nonmetric population affinities were estimated by Smith's distances, using the frequencies of 16 tooth traits. The results of both the metric and nonmetric analyses demonstrate close affinities between recent Australo-Melanesian samples and samples representing early Southeast Asia, such as the Early to Middle Holocene series from Vietnam, Malaysia, and Flores. In contrast, the dental characteristics of most modern Southeast Asians exhibit a mixture of traits associated with East Asians and Australo-Melanesians, suggesting that these populations were genetically influenced by immigrants from East Asia. East Asian metric and/or nonmetric traits are also found in some prehistoric samples from Southeast Asia such as Ban Kao (Thailand), implying that immigration probably began in the early Neolithic. Much clearer influence of East Asian immigration was found in Early Metal Age Vietnamese and Sulawesi samples. Although the results of this study are consistent with the immigration hypothesis, analysis of additional Neolithic samples is needed to determine the exact timing of population dispersals into Southeast Asia. (c) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Discovery of a second human molar and cranium fragment in the late Middle to Late Pleistocene cave of Ma U'Oi (Northern Vietnam)

F Demeter, AM Bacon, KT Nguyen, VT Long, P Duringer, S Rousse, Y Coppens, H Matsumura, Y Dodo, MH Nguyen, A Tomoko

JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION ( ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD ) 48 ( 4 ) 393 - 402 2005.04 [Refereed]

In November 2002, during the second season of work by a Vietnamese-French-Japanese team, we discovered a human molar and a fragment of an occipital bone in the late Middle to Late Pleistocene cave of Ma U'Oi (Bacon et al., Geobios. 37 (2004) 305). The layer from which this material comes is the same as that in which a human lower molar was found in 2001. Both molars can be attributed to archaic Homo, and both exhibit archaic and modern traits. En Novembre 2002, lors de la seconde campagne de fouille conduite par une equipe vietnamienne-franco-japonaise, nous avons decouvert une molaire et un fragment d'os occipital humains dans la grotte Pleistocene moyen a superieur de Ma U'Oi (Bacon et al., 2004). Le niveau d'ou provient ce materiel est le meme que celui ou avait ete trouvee en 2001, une molaire inferieure. Les deux molaires peuvent titre attribuees a Homo archaique et presentent toutes les deux, a la fois des caracteres modernes et archaiques. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Are difficulties during transbronchial lung biopsy/brushing through a fiberoptic bronchoscope based on the bronchial anatomy?

Akira Sakurada, Naoaki Takahashi, Masami Sato, Yoshihiro Miyagawa, Hirofumi Matsumura, Gen Murakami

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 27 ( 2 ) 94 - 99 2005.04 [Refereed]

Some of the difficulties encountered during transbronchial lung biopsy through a flexible bronchofiberscope are due to anatomical reasons, namely the branching angles of some subsegmental bronchi from their mother bronchi are large, and differences in branching angles during respiration may also be large. This makes insertion of forceps difficult. We have sometimes experienced difficulties reaching the target lesion during a transbronchial approach. Which subsegmental bronchi make transbronchial lung biopsy/brushing difficult, and are such difficulties due to anatomical reasons? To answer these questions, we firstly surveyed 10 bronchologists regarding which five subsegmental bronchi they considered to be the most difficult for transbronchial biopsy/brushing. We then measured the branching angles of subsegmental bronchi in 106 cadaver lungs. Finally, in six volunteers, we also measured differences in branching angles of the subsegmental bronchi between the point of forced inspiration and the point of forced expiration on CT images. According to the survey, left B1+2c was considered to be the most difficult for insertion by nine doctors, followed by bilateral B6a by seven, right B1a by five, left B3a by five and left B1+2a by four. The results of our dissections showed that a branching angle of over 60o was present in more than 10% of specimens in B3a, B6a and B6c in the right lung and in B1+2c, B3a, B6a and B6c in the left lung. In addition, three-dimensional reconstructed images revealed that the angles of some subsegmental bronchi changed during respiration. Inter-individual variations were present in most subsegmental bronchi. The direction of movement of each subsegmental bronchus during respiration varied. In addition, maximum degrees of difference in angles between volunteers were sometimes as much as 80°. In conclusion, branching angles of subsegmental bronchi from their mother bronchi are large in B3a, B6a and B6c in the right lung and in B1+2c, B3a, B6a and B6c in the left lung. Most of these correspond to those which many bronchologists felt to be difficult for insertion. In addition, changes in the angles of subsegmental bronchi during respiration are likely to partially account for difficulties encountered during transbronchial approaches. © Springer-Verlag 2004.

Are difficulties during transbronchial lung biopsy/brushing through a fiberoptic bronchoscope based on the bronchial anatomy?

A Sakurada, N Takahashi, M Sato, Y Miyagawa, H Matsumura, G Murakami

SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY ( SPRINGER ) 27 ( 2 ) 94 - 99 2005.04 [Refereed]

Some of the difficulties encountered during transbronchial lung biopsy through a flexible bronchofiberscope are due to anatomical reasons, namely the branching angles of some subsegmental bronchi from their mother bronchi are large, and differences in branching angles during respiration may also be large. This makes insertion of forceps difficult. We have sometimes experienced difficulties reaching the target lesion during a transbronchial approach. Which subsegmental bronchi make transbronchial lung biopsy/ brushing difficult, and are such difficulties due to anatomical reasons? To answer these questions, we firstly surveyed 10 bronchologists regarding which five subsegmental bronchi they considered to be the most difficult for transbronchial biopsy/ brushing. We then measured the branching angles of subsegmental bronchi in 106 cadaver lungs. Finally, in six volunteers, we also measured differences in branching angles of the subsegmental bronchi between the point of forced inspiration and the point of forced expiration on CT images. According to the survey, left B(1+2)c was considered to be the most difficult for insertion by nine doctors, followed by bilateral B-6 a by seven, right B-1 a by five, left B-3 a by five and left B1+2 a by four. The results of our dissections showed that a branching angle of over 60&DEG; was present in more than 10% of specimens in B-3 a, B-6 a and B-6 c in the right lung and in B1+2 c, B-3 a, B-6 a and B-6 c in the left lung. In addition, three-dimensional reconstructed images revealed that the angles of some subsegmental bronchi changed during respiration. Inter-individual variations were present in most subsegmental bronchi. The direction of movement of each subsegmental bronchus during respiration varied. In addition, maximum degrees of difference in angles between volunteers were sometimes as much as 80&DEG;. In conclusion, branching angles of subsegmental bronchi from their mother bronchi are large in B-3 a, B-6 a and B-6 c in the right lung and in B1+2 c, B-3 a, B-6 a and B-6 c in the left lung. Most of these correspond to those which many bronchologists felt to be difficult for insertion. In addition, changes in the angles of subsegmental bronchi during respiration are likely to partially account for difficulties encountered during transbronchial approaches.

A morphometric analysis of the Late Pleistocene Human Skeleton from the Moh Khiew Cave in Thailand.

Hirofumi Matsumura, Surin Pookajorn

Homo : internationale Zeitschrift fur die vergleichende Forschung am Menschen ( URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG ) 56 ( 2 ) 93 - 118 2005 [Refereed] [International journal]

Few Late Pleistocene human remains have been found in Southeast Asia and the morphological features of the people of that age are still largely unknown due to the virtual lack of human remains in the area. Recent excavations at the Moh Khiew Cave in Thailand resulted in the discovery of a Late Pleistocene human skeleton in a relatively good state of preservation. An AMS radiocarbon date on the charcoal sample gathered from the burial gave a result of 25,800 +/- 600 BP, implying that the inhabitants of Moh Khiew Cave resided in a part of Sundaland during the last glacial age. In debates on the population history of Southeast Asia, it has been repeatedly advocated that Southeast Asia was occupied by indigenous people akin to present-day Australo-Melanesians prior to an expansion of migrants from Northeast Asia into this area. Morphometric analyses were undertaken to test the validity of this hypothesis. In the present study, cranial and dental measurements recorded from the Moh Khiew remains are compared with those of early and modern samples from Southeast Asia and Australia. These comparisons demonstrate that the Moh Khiew specimen resembles the Late Pleistocene series from Coobool Creek, Australia in both cranial and dental measurements. These results suggest that the Moh Khiew skeleton, as well as other fossil remains from the Tabon, Niah and Gua Gunung sites, represents a member of the Sundaland population during the Late Pleistocene, who may share common ancestry with the present-day Australian Aborigines and Melanesians.

An Archaic Homo molar from northern Vietnam

F Demeter, AM Bacon, NK Thuy, VT Long, H Matsumura, HH Nga, M Schuster, NM Huong, Y Coppens

CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY ( UNIV CHICAGO PRESS ) 45 ( 4 ) 535 - 541 2004.08 [Refereed]

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the prehistoric Hokkaido populations

ADACHI Noboru, DODO Yukio, SHINODA Ken-ichi, UMETSU Kazuo, MATSUMURA Hirofumi, OHSHIMA Naoyuki, NISHIMOTO Toyohiro

DNA polymorphism 12 221 - 224 2004.06 [Refereed]

大学改革と医学・看護学のコア・カリキュラム 164. 実質性臓器の解剖学実習:肝臓の内部構造

佐藤利夫, 松村博文, 村上弦

医学教育 34 71 2003.07 [Refereed]

Morphologic and genetic evidence for the kinship of juvenile skeletal specimens from a 2,000 year-old double burial of the Usu-Moshiri site, Hokkaido, Japan

N Adachi, Y Dodo, N Ohshima, N Doi, M Yoneda, H Matsumura

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 111 ( 3 ) 347 - 363 2003.07 [Refereed]

This paper presents a case study of a double burial at the 2,000 year-old Usu-Moshiri Epi-Jomon site in Hokkaido, Japan, using detailed odontometric analysis in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in order to more precisely assess their kinship. Consanguinity between the two juveniles found in this burial was suggested by the archaeological context as well as by preliminary morphological studies of the skeletons. Mitochondrial DNA sequences, while consistent with their maternal kinship, did not provide decisive evidence. Supplementing and strengthening the kinship determination, Q-mode correlations between these two individuals with respect to tooth crown measurements and proportions were consistently positive and very high. Statistical analysis of the difference between tooth size correlations in this pair, and those in pairs of related and unrelated individuals from other Japanese populations indicated that they likely had been first degree relatives. Considering that the two individuals had been approximately seven and eleven years old at the time of their interment side by side, we concluded that they likely had been siblings rather than other first-degree maternal relatives. This study demonstrated that combining odontological analysis with mtDNA testing may be effective for reliable and detailed kinship assessment of ancient skeletal remains.

神経温存骨盤内手術の現況と将来展望骨盤内手術に必要な神経解剖

村上弦, 松村博文

泌尿器外科 16 651 - 660 2003.06 [Refereed]

渡来系弥生人の拡散と続縄文時代人 (特定研究アイヌ文化の成立過程について2)

松村博文

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 ( 国立歴史民俗博物館 ) 107 199 - 215 2003.03

It is well known that the human remains of the aeneolithic Yayoi period (ca. B.C. 300 - 300 A.D.) recovered from the Northern Kyushu and Yamaguchi districts in western Japan are considerably different in the skeletal morphology from the Neolithic Jomon natives, and they have been regarded as the immigrants from the Asian Continent or their offspring. The morphological gap between the natives and immigrants is found not only in the skeletons but also in the dentition. In consideration of microevolutionary history of the Japanese people, the expansion of immigrants to eastern Japan during the Yayoi period is one of the crucial problems. In order to approach this problem from an aspect of skeletal morphology, however, preservation of skeletal remains of this period is often in a poor state of condition. Even in case that the skeletal remains are fragile and fragmentary, well preserved teeth are occasionally available to study the morphology. The present author made discriminant function analyses on the tooth crown diameters of the Jomon natives and Yayoi immigrants for the purpose of distinguishing between those of the native and immigrant origins. The most effective discriminant functions correctly assessed the origin in more than 90% of the samples from both sexes. Through the use of the discriminant functions obtained, the Yayoi remains from eastern Japan were classified as of the native or immigrant type. The results suggest that the earliest immigrants diffused into central Japan, including the Kanto region.The influence of the Yayoi culture associated with rice cultivation had little impact on Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. There the Jomon period is followed by a so-called epi-Jomon, which corresponds to the Yayoi period on the other main islands. Various researchers have reported that the cranial morphology of the epi-Jomon specimens is similar to Jomon cranial morphology. The present study, based on the dental metrics, also classifies most of the epi-Jomon specimens as the Jomon type, which confirms the epi-Jomon people as direct descendants of the preexisting Jomon natives. On the other side, the present study unexpectedly classified several epi-Jomon specimens as the immigrant type with high probabilities, which can be interpreted as evidence for contact with the immigrants on Hokkaido. The specimen from Rebunge site possess features of the Yayoi immigrant, while those form Chatsu IV site have characteristics of another immigrant group, that it, Okhotsk series immigrated from Northeast Asia.

Morphometrical data of size and shape of the late-stage human fetal liver, including those of intrahepatic vessels: some prenatal and postnatal developmental consideration

Lee SD, Kim CY, Cho, YH, Fujikawa D, Murakami G, Matsumura H, Lee SK, Kim JH, Jin ZW, Cho BH

Korean Journal of HBP Surgery 7 12 - 18 2003 [Refereed]

古人骨から探る北海道の人の源流.

松村博文

環オホーツク 9 11 - 21 2002

古人骨からみたベトナムの人類史：歯の形態を中心にして.

松村博文

東南アジア考古学 22 169 - 178 2002 [Refereed]

DNA分析による縄文後期人の血縁関係

西本豊弘, 篠田謙一, 松村博文

動物考古学 ( 動物考古学研究会 ) 16 ( 16 ) 1 - 16 2001.05 [Refereed]

A morphometric analysis of Jomon skeletons from the Funadomari Site on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan

H Matsumura, T Anezaki, H Ishida

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 109 ( 1 ) 1 - 21 2001.01 [Refereed]

Excavations at the Funadomari Site, located on Rebun Island, in northernmost Japan, have recovered 28 inhumation burials which date to the Late Jomon Period. The morphological characteristics of these skeletons, including metric and non-metric cranial traits, dental measurements, and limb bone measurements, are similar to other Jomon skeletal series from Honshu Island, Japan. However, analysis of cranial metric data reveals some peculiarities in the Funadomari specimens. Compared to the Honshu Jomon samples, the Funadomari skulls have slightly larger cranial vaults, lower facial skeletons, larger orbital openings, and wider mandibular rami. These distinctive cranial traits, as well as custom of tooth ablation of one of the upper lateral incisors in some individuals, are commonly found in the Jomon skeletal series from southwestern Hokkaido Island, suggesting that there has been both biological and cultural exchanges between the Jomon people of Rebun Island and those of southwestern Hokkaido Island.

Differentials of Yayoi immigration to Japan as derived from dental metrics

H Matsumura

HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY ( URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG ) 52 ( 2 ) 135 - 156 2001 [Refereed]

A major influx of new people, today termed Yayoi, migrated from the East Asian continent into the Japanese archipelago during the Aeneolithic and Protohistoric periods and interbred with the preexisting jomon people. This study classifies ancient and more modern Japanese into natives or immigrants using discriminant analysis based on dental measurements in order to reconstruct the initial impact of the immigrants and the temporal and geographical differentials of mixture with the preexisting people. The results suggest that the earliest immigrants diffused into central Japan, including the Kanto region. The proportion of immigrant origin in the protohistoric Kofun was less in eastern Japan (72%) as compared to western Japan (81%-90%). The proportion of the immigrants in the Kanto District decreased during the medieval period (63%) and increased again in the early modern Edo and later modern times (75%), which might indicate that the gene flow still was occurring from west to east even in these times. Assuming the estimated proportions of either group reflect the intermixture ratio, the recent Japanese people may be regarded as hybrid of the native and immigrant groups with the following approximate ratios: 1:3 for the Kanto Japanese, 2:3 for the Ryukyu Islanders and 7:3 for the Hokkaido Ainu. These estimations support the dual structure model, formed by Hanihara (1991) for explaining the population history of Japan.

中国,江淮地域出土古人骨の人類学的研究.

松村博文

日本中国考古学会会報 10 82 - 100 2001 [Refereed]

Dental Morphology of the Early Hoabinian, the Neolithic Da But and the Metal Age Dong Son Cultural People in Vietnam．

Matsumura H, Cuong NL, Thuy NK, Anezaki T

Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Anthropologie 83 59 - 73 2001 [Refereed]

Dental and Facial Morphology of the Human Skeletons Unearthed at the Chandman Site in Western Mongolia

松村博文, Tumen D, 高井正成

ヒマラヤ学誌 : Himalayan Study Monographs ( 京都大学ヒマラヤ研究会 ) 7 223 - 229 2000.06

人体所見 (特定研究アイヌ文化の成立過程について浜中2遺跡発掘調査報告) -- (自然科学的分析)

石田肇, 松村博文

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 ( 国立歴史民俗博物館 ) 85 264 - 270 2000.03

Natural History Researches of the Region around Seto Inland Sea. (I). Dental Metric Variations between the Periods, Sites and Individuals of the Neolithic Jomon People in the Setouchi, Tokai, and Kanto Regions, Japan.

Matsumura H

Memoirs of the National Science Museum 32 175 - 187 2000.02

Comparative study of the crown cusp areas in the maxillary second molars of the Jomon people

Matsumura H

Bulletin of the National Science Museum ( National Science Museum ) 26 31 - 38 2000 [Refereed]

Crown cusp areas of the maxillary second molar are described for the Jomon people, and compared within the Jomon groups, then with the modern Japanese and Hokkaido Ainu. The relative hypocone area slightly varies within the late Jomon groups, while there was no significant difference between the average late Jomon, modern Japanese and Ainu. However, the early Jomon people possess the larger relative hypocone area that the late Jomon people, suggesting that they retained rather primitive feature in the upper second molar compared to the later Jomon people. On the contrary to the existence of such inter-and intra-population variability in the hypocone size, significant difference was not found in the relative metacone area within the Jomon people or between the Jomon, Japanese and Ainu.

Metric analyses of an Early Holocene human skeleton from Gua Gunung Runtuh, Malaysia

H Matsumura, M Zuraina

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ( WILEY-LISS ) 109 ( 3 ) 327 - 340 1999.07 [Refereed]

A nearly complete human skeleton dating to the Early Holocene (epi-Paleolithic culture) excavated from Gua Gunung Runtuh, Malaysia, is described. Cranial, dental, and limb bone measurements are recorded on the skeleton, and compared with early and modern skeletal samples from Southeast Asia and Australia. The comparisons demonstrate that the Gua Gunung specimen is most similar to Australian Aborigines in dental and limb measurements, while the cranial measurements indicate a close affinity to Mesolithic samples from Malaysia and Flores. These findings further suggest that the Gua Gunung skeleton, as well as other fossils from Tabon and Niah, are representative of an early group of people who occupied Sundaland during the late Pleistocene, and may be the ancestors of Australian Aborigines. Some of the dental and limb bone measurements exhibited by the ancestors persist in Southeast Asian populations until the early Holocene. Differences in cranial traits have, however, accumulated since the late Pleistocene in Australian Aborigines and early Southeast Asian peoples. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Discriminant Method by Tooth Crown Diameters between the Native and Migrant Types of the Aeneolithic Yayoi Japanese.

Matsumura H

Memoirs of the National Science Museum ( National Science Museum ) 30 199 - 210 1998.02

中国地方西部および九州地方北部を中心とする地域の自然史科学的総合研究 : 実施の目的と平成8年度調査研究の成果

馬場悠男, 松村博文, 小野展嗣, 並河洋, 近田文弘, 北山太樹, 植村和彦, 千葉とき子

Memoirs of the National Science Museum ( 国立科学博物館 ) 30 ( 30 ) 1 - 6 1998

Native or migrant lineage? The aeneolithic Yayoi people in western and eastern Japan

H Matsumura

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 106 17 - 25 1998 [Refereed]

Human remains of the aeneolithic Yayoi period from the Shakameyama site in Ehime Prefecture, Taishaku-Nagoshi site in Hiroshima Prefecture, Karako-Kagi site in Nara Prefecture, Bishamon site in Kanagawa Prefecture, and Sane and Awajinsha sites in Chiba Prefecture were assessed as of the native or migrant type by using discriminant functions based on the tooth crown measurements. The Taishaku-Nagoshi, Karako-Kagi and two of three Bishamon remains were classified into the migrant type with high probabilities, while others were regarded as of the native type. From this finding, it is concluded that the genetic influence of migrants from the Asian Continent had at least expanded to the western part of the Kanto district by the middle phase of the Yayoi period.

Preface to the Natural History Researches of the Western Chugoku and Northern Kyushu Regions

BABA Hisao, MATSUMURA Hirofumi, ONO Hirotsugu, NAMIKAWA Hiroshi, KONTA Fumihiro, KITAYAMA Taiju, UEMURA Kazuhiko, TIBA Tokiko

Memoirs of the National Science Museum ( 国立科学博物館 ) 31 ( 30 ) 1 - 9 1998

Human skeletal remains. Excavations at Tell Umm Qseir in Middle Khabur Valley, North Syria

Ishida H, Matsumura H

Al-Shark (University of Tsukuba, Studies for West Asian Archaeology) 1 211 - 212 1998 [Refereed]

ＤＮＡ分析と形態デ−タによる中妻貝塚出土人骨の血縁関係の分析.

松村博文

動物考古学 11 1 - 14 1998 [Refereed]

Dental and Facial Morphology of the Human Skeletons Unearthed at the Chandman Site in Western Mongolia

MATSUMURA Hirofumi, D. Tumen, TAKAI Masanaru

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series D, Anthropology ( National Science Museum ) 24 9 - 18 1998 [Refereed]

Approximately fifty human skulls dating to the Bronze and early Iron Ages were recovered from the Chandman site in western Mongolia. The metric and nonmetric tooth traits data and the facial flatness measurements were taken and compared with those of the adjacent prehistoric and modern population samples. In both the dental and facial morphology, the Chandman people show closer resemblance to the Europeans including the West Asians rather than to the Mongolians, though partially have some similarity to the latter. The appearance of the European features in the Chandman crania and dentition indicate the invasion of Caucasians into western Mongolia, probably during the Bronze Age.

Human Remains from the Kuntur Wasi, Huacaloma, Loma Redonda and Kolgitin sites in the Cajamarca Region, Peru

Matsumura Hirofumi, Onuki Yoshio, Kato Yasutake, Matsumoto Ryozo, Ushino Tsuyoshi, Seki Yuji, Inokuchi Kinya, Hashimoto Hiroko

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series D, Anthropology ( National Science Museum ) 23 1 - 28 1997 [Refereed]

Fourty seven human skeletons dating Formative Period (2,000 B. C. A. D 0) were recovered from the Kuntur Wasi, Loma Redonda, Huacaloma and Kolgitin sites in Cajamarca region, Peru. The artificial cranial deformities, which can be classiffied into the tabular erect type, were observed in nine skulls from these sites excepting the Kolgitin site. The dental caries was frequently found in the Kuntur Wasi people though less frequently than in the recent Peruvians. The facial morphology is not homogeneous, and the aristocratic features are found in some skulls from the Kuntur Wasi and Roma Ledonda sites. The sexual difference of estimated stature is great in the Kuntur Wasi and Huacaloma people. The squatting facets are present in all tali examined, suggesting that the inhabitants customarily sat in the squatting position or walked up and down rocky mountains.

イヌの多変量解析ー浜中２遺跡出土の犬骨を中心にー

松村博文

動物考古学 8 1 - 20 1997 [Refereed]

伊勢宮遺跡（塩崎遺跡群：長野市）出土の弥生時代人骨

茂原信生, 西沢寿晃, 松村博文

長野市立博物館紀要 4 1 - 26 1997

Cranial and Dental Traits of the Nakazuma Jomon People from Ibaraki, Japan

MATSUMURA Hirofumi, ISHIDA Hajime, HASHIMOTO Hiroko

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series D, Anthropology ( National Science Museum ) 22 1 - 26 1996 [Refereed]

Metric and nonmetic traits data were obtained from the cranial and dental series of the Nakazuma Jomon people and compared with those of other Jomon samples. Significant differences were not found in most of the metric and nonmetric traits, suggesting that the cranial and dental morphology of the Nakazuma Jomon people are similar to those normally found in the other Jomon samples. Some of the differences observed in a few traits were considered to be caused by the genetic drift within this population unit probably consisting of close kinship groups.

グア・グヌン・ルンツ出土のペラック,マン −その形質と系譜−

松村博文

東南アジア考古学 16 33 - 44 1996 [Refereed]

Comparative study of molar cusp size in African apes and Plio-Pleistocene Hominids

Aziz F, Matsumura H, Nakatsukasa M, Ishida H

Res.Develop.Cent.Indonesia, Paleontology Ser 8 27 - 40 1996 [Refereed]

中妻貝塚出土多数合葬人骨の歯冠計測値にもとづく血縁関係

松村博文

動物考古学 6 1 - 17 1996 [Refereed]

DENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AFFINITIES OF THE PREHISTORIC TO MODERN JAPANESE WITH THE EAST ASIANS, AMERICAN NATIVES AND AUSTRALO-MELANESIANS

H MATSUMURA

ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON ) 103 ( 3 ) 235 - 261 1995.07 [Refereed]

Dental characteristics of the prehistoric to modern Japanese were compared with those observed in the 23 Mongoloid samples including the American natives and Australo-Melanesians. The results of comparisons confirmed Turner's ''Sinodonty'' and ''Sundadonty'' classifications on the basis of the nonmetric trait pattern, with clarifying the metric features that most effectively discriminate between the two dental series. Taking both the metric and nonmetric traits affinities into consideration of the population relationships, it was concluded that the Aeneolithic Northern Kyushu Yayoi people and the subsequent mainland Japanese are closely related to the Urga Mongolians and Northern Chinese. This finding supports the hypothesis that the Yayoi immigrants originated from the Northeast Asian stock. On the other hand, the closest affinity of the Jomon natives was shown in the Neolithic Thai among the overseas samples compared, implying that the Jomon natives and such prehistoric Southeast Asians were derived from common ancestry who inhabited somewhere in East Asia.

Dental characteristics of the Neolithic remains from Jiangnan. In:Yamaguchi B, Xianghong H.eds. Studies on the Human Remains from Jiangnan, China

Matsumura H

The National Science Museum Monograph ( National Science Museum ) 10 87 - 95 1995

<Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo>Human Skeletal Remains of the Protohistoric Kofun Period from the Kumanodo Burial Site, Natori, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan

MATSUMURA Hirofumi, ISHIDA Hajime

Memoirs of the National Science Museum ( National Science Museum ) 28 183 - 205 1995

Dental measurements and nonmetrical dental traits. In: Yamaguchi B, Xianghong H. eds. Studies on the Human Remains from Jiangnan, China

Wengliang C, Xianghong H, Matsumura H

The National Science Museum Monograph ( National Science Museum ) 10 53 - 65 1995

Metrical Analysis of the Dentition of Perak Man from Gua Gunung Runtuh in Malaysia

MATSUMURA Hirofumi, ZURAINA Majid

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series D, Anthropology ( National Science Museum ) 21 1 - 10 1995 [Refereed]

Perak man is a nearly complete human skeleton dating from the early Holocene, which was excavated from Gua Gunung Runtuh, Malaysia. The metrical tooth traits of Perak man were statistically compared with those of early and modern samples from Australia, Southeast Asia, and Japan. The results showed a close affinity with the Australian samples in both the overall tooth size and proportion, suggesting dentally Australoid occupation of this region at the time of the early Holocene.

Preface to the Natural History Researches of Eastern Hokkaido.

UENO SHUN'ICHI, KUBODERA TSUNEMI, SHINOHARA AKIHIKO, KASHIWADANI HIROYUKI, KADOTA KOICHI, CHIBA TOKIKO, UEMURA KAZUHIKO, MATSUMURA HIROFUMI

Memoirs of the National Science Museum ( 国立科学博物館 ) 27 ( 27 ) 1 - 6 1994.12

A microevolutional history of the Japanese people as viewed from dental morphology

Matsumura H

東京大学理学系研究科博士(理学)論文 ( National Science Museum ) 9 1 - 245 1994

御蔵島神の尾遺跡出土人骨の鑑定,御蔵島神の尾遺跡

松村博文

國學院大学紀要 ( 國學院大學考古学資料館 ) 10 20 - 20 1994

Prehistoric human remains from Tam Nai U. Bol, Amphoe Sai-Yok, Thailand

Subhavan V, Pramankij S, Matsumura H, Shigehara N, Ohshima N

Bulletin of the National Science Museum ( National Science Museum ) 20 23 - 35 1994 [Refereed]

A Microevolutional History of the Japanese People from a Dental Characteristics Perspective

MATSUMURA Hirofumi

Anthropological science : journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon ( The Anthropological Society of Nippon ) 102 ( 2 ) 93 - 118 1994

In an effort to demonstrate the microevolutional history of the Japanese populations from the viewpoint of dental morphology, metrical and nonmetrical crown traits were investigated for eight population samples from various periods in Japan, extending from the prehistoric Jomon period to the present. The results were compared with those found in other East Asian populations, to clarify the question of the ancestry of the Japanese populations. Several statistical analyses on metrical and nonmetrical traits demonstrated that the modern Japanese populations were descended from two major groups. One group is the indigenous prehistoric Jomon people, which was ancestral to the modern Ainu. The second group is the Aeneolithic Yayoi immigrants from the Asian Continent, which passed into the post-Yayoi Japanese. Relative tooth size and most nonmetrical traits are quite stable throughout the two microevolutionary lineages from the Jomon to the Ainu and from the Yayoi to the post-Yayoi Japanese.

On the Skeletal Remains of the Kurile Ainu Collected by the Late Kingo HAYASHI.

YAMAGUCHI BIN, ISHIDA HAJIME, MATSUMURA HIROFUMI

Memoirs of the National Science Museum ( National Science Museum ) 26 151 - 169 1993.12

Affinities of the Kurile Ainu and the Okhotsk Cultural People as Viewed from Tooth Crown Measurements.

Matsumura H

Memoirs of the National Science Museum ( National Science Museum ) 26 171 - 175 1993.12

Sexual Differences of Dental Crown Measurements in the Neolithic Jomon People

Matsumura H

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series D, Anthropology ( National Science Museum ) 19 1 - 12 1993 [Refereed]

Sexual differences of dental crown measurements were investigated for the Neolithic Jomon people in Japan. In the first step of analysis, the sexual differences were compared among five regional groups of the Jomon people, and the modern Japanese. PENROSE's distances between the sexes suggested that the sexual differences in all the Jomon groups were larger than that in the modern Japanese. In the next step of analysis, the sexual differences were examined for the pooled Jomon samples. Most of the male crown diameters were significantly larger than the female ones. The discriminant function analyses for sexing the Jomon samples provided several effective discriminant functions based on various combinations of the dental crown measurements with the accuracy of 75-77 percent. These results should be useful for investigators for sexing damaged skeletal remains excavated from Jomon sites.

Bibliography (1985-1989) of Human Skeletal Remains Excavated in Japan

IKEDA Jiro, MATSUMURA Hirofumi

Anthropological Science ( The Anthropological Society of Nippon ) 100 ( 3 ) 359 - 383 1992.07

BIBLIOGRAPHY (1985-1989) OF HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS EXCAVATED IN JAPAN

J IKEDA, H MATSUMURA

JOURNAL OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NIPPON ( UNIV TOKYO ) 100 ( 3 ) 359 - 383 1992.07 [Refereed]

Comparative Study of Crown Cusp Areas in the Upper and Lower Molars of African Apes

MATSUMURA Hirofumi, NAKATSUKASA Masato, ISHIDA Hidemi

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series D, Anthropology ( National Science Museum ) 18 1 - 15 1992 [Refereed]

Characteristics of the upper and lower molar series in terms of crown cusp areas were described for Pan and Gorilla, and then affinities between these African apes and living and fossil hominids were discussed. The conclusions are summarized as follows. 1) intraspecific comparisons indicate that the area variability within the distal cusps tends to be larger than those within the mesial cusps. 2) the relative cusp areas of M_1 display a marked interspecific variation among the apes and hominids compared. 3) the interspecific variation of M_1 can not be explained from allometric or phylogenetic factors, but may be affected by environmental ones such as diet. 4) as for Pan's M_1,the close resemblance to its M_2 implies that Pan's M_1 has a more primitive pattern of the relative cusp areas than other hominoids's M_1.

A HUMAN SKELETON OF THE SATSUMON PERIOD FROM THE SHIMODANOSAWA SITE, AKKESHI-CHO, EASTERN HOKKAIDO

Y DODO, M KIDA, H ISHIDA, H MATSUMURA

JOURNAL OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NIPPON ( UNIV TOKYO ) 99 ( 4 ) 463 - 475 1991.10 [Refereed]

The Satsumon culture flourished throughout Hokkaido from about the 8th century to the 13th century A.D. before the emergence of the Ainu in recent times. Human skeletal remains of this period, however, have rarely been discovered. In 1966, the archaeological excavation team directed by Mr. S. Sawa of the Kushiro City Museum unearthed human skeletal remains from a grave pit of the Satsumon period at the Shimodanosawa site, Akkeshi-cho, eastern Hokkaido (Fig. 1). This skeletal material, consisting of the skull and parts of the post-cranial skeleton, was intensively examined for this study. The age and sex of these remains were judged from the morphological evidence to be an adult female. Although PENROSE's shape distance based on seven cranial measurements showed that the Shimodanosawa individual was slightly closer to the modem Tohoku Japanese than to the Hokkaido Ainu (Tables 1 and 3), the same distances based on 13 mesiodistal tooth-crown diameters showed that the Shimodanosawa was far closer to the Hokkaido Ainu than to the modern Japanese (Tables 2 and 4). Moreover, a likelihood ratio analysis of cranial nonmetric traits indicated that the Shimodanosawa remains were far more likely to have come from the Ainu population than from the modern Japanese population (Table 5). Noticeable, as to the nonmetric traits of the Shimodanosawa skull, was the occurrence of a well-defined third occipital condyle, which is known to be relatively frequent in the Ainu but extremely rare in the Japanese (Fig. 3). The shoveling of the upper central incisors was slight in the Shimodanosawa as it is in the Ainu and the Jomon. With regard to the post-cranial bones of the Shimodanosawa remains, such traits as the ponticulus posterior of the atlas, the narrow and deep intercondylar notch, as well as the pilastered shaft of the femur, and the transversely flattened shaft of the tibia are all believed to appear more frequently in the Ainu than in the Japanese population. Therefore, taking all the results obtained from this study into consideration, it can be concluded that the total morphological pattern of the Shimodanosawa skeletal remains is substantially not different from that of the Hokkaido Ainu of recent times.

COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF CROWN CUSP AREAS IN THE DENTITION OF AFRICAN APES

H MATSUMURA, M NAKATSUKASA, H ISHIDA

PRIMATOLOGY TODAY ( ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V ) 539 - 540 1991 [Refereed]

Deciduous Tooth Size in the Prehistoric Jomon and Yayoi Peoples of Japa

MATSUMURA Hirofumi

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series D, Anthropology 17 21 - 29 1991

On a variant muscle originating from the 2nd and 3rd ribs and inserted into the medial border of the scapula beneath the anterior serratus muscle. Anatomical case report on findings in the course of dissecting class, Sapporo Medical College. (No.1).

KIDA MASAHIKO, ISHIDA HAJIME, OSHIMA NAOYUKI, MATSUMURA HIROFUMI, DODO YUKIO, ITOYA HIROSHI

札幌医学雑誌 ( 札幌医科大学医学部 ) 59 ( 5 ) 517 - 520 1990.10

A variant muscle originating from the 2nd and 3rd ribs and inserted into the medial border of the scapula was observed in a 67 year-old Japanese male cadaver at Sapporo Medical College, 1989. Since it is supplied by a twig of the dorsal scapular nerve, this variation is considered to belong to the rhomboid muscle group. This interpretation is also supported by the result of nerve fiber analysis of the dorsal scapular nerve. This variation seems to offer insights into the differentiating process of the rhomboid muscles from the muscular anlage destined to become the levator scapulae, rhomboid and anterior serratus muscles.

GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION OF DENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE JAPANESE OF THE PROTOHISTORIC KOFUN PERIOD

H MATSUMURA

JOURNAL OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NIPPON ( UNIV TOKYO ) 98 ( 4 ) 439 - 449 1990.10 [Refereed]

Metrical and nonmetrical crown characteristics in the permanent dentition were investigated for seven protohistoric Kofun population samples from western and eastern Japan. The difference between the western and eastern Kofun series was significant in only one measurement in males, whereas in five measurements in females. The metrical analysis of female dentition indicated that the Kofun series of eastern Japan had a slight resemblance to the prehistoric Jomon series which were characterized by smaller overall crown size. However the overall crown sizes of the other Kofun series were larger than those of the Jomon and recent series of Japan. From these results, it was inferred that the Kofun series were closely tied to the Aeneolithic Yayoi series of immigrant type characterized by larger overall crown size, and that the genetic influence of the immigrants in eastern Japan was greater on males than on females during the Kofun period. On the other hand, the nonmetrical data showed close affinities between the recent Japanese series and both the Kofun series of western and eastern Japan, with a large gap between the Kofun and Jomon series. These results suggested that the distribution pattern of nonmetrical crown characteristics of the recent Japanese series had been constructed, at the latest, by the end of the Kofun period.

GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION OF DENTAL MEASUREMENTS IN THE JOMON POPULATION

H MATSUMURA

JOURNAL OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NIPPON ( UNIV TOKYO ) 97 ( 4 ) 493 - 512 1989.10 [Refereed]

Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown measurements were taken from the permanent tooth remains of the five Middle to Latest Jomon population samples from the Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Tokai and San'yo districts of Japan. The metrical data were compared with each other through multivariate statistical methods. The analysis of variance for these crown measurements suggested that most of the variables showing significant geographical difference were buccolingual diameters. The distance analysis based on the crown measurements revealed that the Hokkaido Jomon was isolated from the Jomon in Honshu, the main island of Japan. The Honshu Jomon groups were closely related to each other, although the male Tohoku Jomon was slightly closer to the Hokkaido Jomon. The principal factor analysis revealed that the overall dental proportion of the Hokkaido Jomon was different from those of the Honshu Jomon groups, and the Tohoku Jomon carried the smallest overall tooth size among the five Jomon population samples compared. From the comparisons with recent groups, it was indicated that 1)the diversity in dental morphology between the Hokkaido and Honshu Jomon was smaller than that between the recent Kanto Japanese and the Jomon as a whole; 2) the dentition of the Jomon population was characterized by relatively small canines, premolars and second molars as compared with thefirst molars; 3) these dental characteristics could also be seen in the dentition of the Ainu. These facts suggested a close affinity between the Ainu andJomon in the posterior tooth characteristics. However, with regard to the anterior teeth, both the relative and absolute dimensions of the incisors werelarger in the Jomon than in the Ainu. Thus, the size reduction of the incisors may have proceeded from the prehistoric Jomon to the recent Ainu.

A HUMAN FEMUR FROM PREHISTORIC HOKKAIDO PENETRATED BY A STONE ARROWHEAD

H MATSUMURA

JOURNAL OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NIPPON ( UNIV TOKYO ) 97 ( 1 ) 129 - 132 1989.01 [Refereed]

縄文人の歯の形態における地域性とアイヌおよび現代日本人との比較

松村博文

東京大学理学系研究科修士論文 1 - 238 1988

Estimation of Stature of the Epi-Jomon Esan People in Hokkaido-A Preliminary Report

ISHIDA Hajime, DODO Yukio, OHSHIMA Naoyuki, MATSUMURA Hirofumi

Memoirs of the National Science Museum ( National Science Museum ) 21 221 - 227 1988

The stature of the Epi-Jomon Esan people in Hokkaido was estimated from the maximum length of the femur based on the regression formula of FUJII (1960). The results are given in Tables 1 and 2. Since the average stature was 159.5cm in the male and 150.0cm in the female, the Esan people seemed to be slightly taller than the Honshu Jomon (Figs. 1 and 2). Stature was relatively high during the Jomon and Epi-Jomon periods in Hokkaido and decreased slowly during the last 2,000 years. In Honshu, stature increased from the Jomon to the Yayoi or Kofun period and decreased gradually to recent times (Table 3,Fig. 3). Tibio-femoral indices were also calculated based on the maximum length of the femur and tibia (Tables 1 and 2). In Hokkaido, this index was stable for people from the Jomon to the recent Ainu period (Table 4,Fig. 4).

北海道空知支庁南富良野町金山湖北西地域の地質及び古地磁気学的研究

松村博文

北海道大学理学部卒業論文 1 - 54 1984

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