研究者詳細 - 時野　隆至

論文 - 時野　隆至

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メラノーマに特化したシーケンスパネルの開発

肥田時征, 堀本浩平, 加藤潤史, 佐藤さゆり, 藤岡茉生, 宇原久, 井戸川雅史, 丹下正一朗, 時野隆至

日本皮膚科学会雑誌 ( (公社)日本皮膚科学会 ) 131 ( 3 ) 541 - 542 2021年03月

Frequent Tumor Burden Monitoring of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Circulating Tumor DNA Using Individually Designed Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Takeshi Iwaya, Fumitaka Endo, Fumiaki Takahashi, Takashi Tokino, Yasushi Sasaki, Satoshi S Nishizuka

Gastroenterology 160 ( 1 ) 463 - 465 2021年01月 [国際誌]

DOI PubMed

Mutation profiling of uterine cervical cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy.

Yuya Yoshimoto, Yasushi Sasaki, Kazutoshi Murata, Shin-Ei Noda, Yuhei Miyasaka, Junko Hamamoto, Mio Furuya, Junko Hirato, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Tatsuya Ohno, Takashi Tokino, Takahiro Oike, Takashi Nakano

Gynecologic oncology 159 ( 2 ) 546 - 553 2020年11月 [国際誌]

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate tumor mutation profiles associated with outcomes of uterine cervical cancer (UCC) patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with newly diagnosed and pathologically confirmed UCC (82 squamous cell carcinomas, 12 adenocarcinomas, and four adenosquamous carcinomas) who were treated with definitive radiotherapy were analyzed. DNA was extracted from pre-treatment tumor biopsy specimens. The exons of 409 cancer-related genes were sequenced using a next-generation sequencer. Genetic mutations were identified and analyzed for correlations with clinical outcome. RESULTS: Recurrent mutations were observed in PIK3CA (35.7%), ARID1A (25.5%), NOTCH1 (19.4%), FGFR3 (16.3%), FBXW7 (19.4%), TP53 (13.3%), EP300 (12.2%), and FGFR4 (10.2%). The prevalence of mutations in FGFR family genes (i.e., FGFR1-4) was almost as high (24.5%) as that in PIK3CA and ARID1A, both of which are well-studied drivers of UCC. Fifty-five percent (21 of 38) of the identified FGFR mutations were located in the FGFR protein tyrosine kinase domain. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates for FGFR mutation-positive patients (n = 24) were significantly worse than those for FGFR mutation-negative patients (n = 74) (43.9% vs. 68.5%, respectively; P = 0.010). Multivariate analysis identified FGFR mutations as significant predictors of worse 5 year PFS (P = 0.005), independent of clinicopathological variables. CONCLUSIONS: FGFR mutations are associated with worse PFS in UCC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. These results warrant further validation in prospective studies.

DOI PubMed

Neurofibromatosis type 1 without cutaneous neurofibromas: a rare genotype-phenotype correlation?

Tokimasa Hida, Masashi Idogawa, Aki Ishikawa, Miyako Mizukami, Junji Kato, Yasuyuki Sumikawa, Masae Okura, Takashi Tokino, Hisashi Uhara

European journal of dermatology : EJD 30 ( 5 ) 608 - 609 2020年10月 [国際誌]

DOI PubMed

p53標的遺伝子ARVCFはスプライシング変化によりp53の腫瘍抑制能を補助する

井戸川雅史, 鈴木菜摘, 丹下正一朗, 時野隆至

日本癌学会総会記事 ( (一社)日本癌学会 ) 79回 OJ4 - 3 2020年10月

予後不良膵臓癌のマーカー候補となる新規上皮特異的遺伝子の特定

丹下正一郎, 井戸川雅史, 時野隆至

日本癌学会総会記事 ( (一社)日本癌学会 ) 79回 PJ15 - 6 2020年10月

非乳頭十二指腸腺腫、粘膜内癌におけるゲノム・エピゲノムの統合解析

澤田武, 佐々木泰史, 太田亮介, 津山翔, 八尾隆史, 中西宏佳, 山本英一郎, 久保田英嗣, 片岡洋望, 鈴木拓, 時野隆至, 源利成

日本癌学会総会記事 ( (一社)日本癌学会 ) 79回 OJ14 - 5 2020年10月

Aggressive variant of splenic marginal zone lymphoma characterized using a cancer panel test and treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy: A case report.

Kazuya Ishiguro, Yasushi Sasaki, Yoshitake Takagi, Takeshi Niinuma, Hiromu Suzuki, Takashi Tokino, Toshiaki Hayashi, Tohru Takahashi, Tetsuyuki Igarashi, Yoshihiro Matsuno

Medicine 99 ( 35 ) e21938 2020年08月 [国際誌]

RATIONALE: Aggressive variant of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (AV-SMZL) is a very rare disease that is often associated with TP53 mutations and has a poor prognosis. On the other hand, recent advances in genome sequencing techniques enable us to understand the molecular characteristics of rare cancers such as AV-SMZL. Here we present a case of AV-SMZL analyzed using a genetic test. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 66-year-old woman was admitted with splenomegaly and lymphocytosis. Computed tomography revealed marked splenomegaly without lymphadenopathy in any other areas. The serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level was significantly elevated. Peripheral and bone marrow blood tests showed an increase in abnormal lymphocytes. DIAGNOSIS: A splenectomy revealed an SMZL pattern with increased numbers of large cells and mitotic cells and a high Ki-67 positivity rate, which led to a diagnosis of AV-SMZL. Although TP53 mutation was not detected, mutations in NOTCH2, NCOA4, PTEN, EPHA3, and KMT2D were identified. Among these, the mutations in NCOA4, PTEN, and EPHA3 were novel pathogenic mutations in SMZL, which suggests they may be related to the aggressiveness and persistence of the disease. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was administered a rituximab-containing regimen and rituximab-maintenance therapy. OUTCOMES: The patient continues to exhibit a complete response. LESSONS: This is a case of AV-SMZL in which a cancer panel test successfully detected genetic alterations that are potentially associated with its pathogenesis. These findings suggest that genetic analysis is useful for making diagnoses as well as for determining treatment strategies in AV-SMZL.

DOI PubMed

Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis of cancer-related genes in non-ampullary duodenal adenomas and intramucosal adenocarcinomas.

Ryosuke Ota, Takeshi Sawada, Sho Tsuyama, Yasushi Sasaki, Hiromu Suzuki, Yasuharu Kaizaki, Kenkei Hasatani, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Hiroyoshi Nakanishi, Satoko Inagaki, Shigetsugu Tsuji, Naohiro Yoshida, Hisashi Doyama, Hiroshi Minato, Keishi Nakamura, Satomi Kasashima, Eiji Kubota, Hiromi Kataoka, Takashi Tokino, Takashi Yao, Toshinari Minamoto

The Journal of pathology 252 ( 3 ) 330 - 342 2020年08月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

The molecular and clinical characteristics of non-ampullary duodenal adenomas and intramucosal adenocarcinomas are not fully understood because they are rare. To clarify these characteristics, we performed genetic and epigenetic analysis of cancer-related genes in these lesions. One-hundred seven non-ampullary duodenal adenomas and intramucosal adenocarcinomas, including 100 small intestinal type tumors (90 adenomas and 10 intramucosal adenocarcinomas) and 7 gastric type tumors (2 pyloric gland adenomas and 5 intramucosal adenocarcinomas), were investigated. Using bisulfite pyrosequencing, we assessed the methylation status of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) markers and MLH1. Then using next-generation sequencing, we performed targeted exome sequence analysis within 75 cancer-related genes in 102 lesions. There were significant differences in the clinicopathological and molecular variables between small intestinal and gastric type tumors, which suggests the presence of at least two separate carcinogenic pathways in non-ampullary duodenal adenocarcinomas. The prevalence of CIMP-positive lesions was higher in intramucosal adenocarcinomas than adenomas. Thus, concurrent hypermethylation of multiple CpG islands is likely associated with development of non-ampullary duodenal intramucosal adenocarcinomas. Mutation analysis showed that APC was the most frequently mutated gene in these lesions (56/102; 55%), followed by KRAS (13/102; 13%), LRP1B (10/102; 10%), GNAS (8/102; 8%), ERBB3 (7/102; 7%), and RNF43 (6/102; 6%). Additionally, the high prevalence of diffuse or focal nuclear β-catenin accumulation (87/102; 85%) as well as mutations of WNT pathway components (60/102; 59%) indicate the importance of WNT signaling to the initiation of duodenal adenomas. The higher than previously reported frequency of APC gene mutations in small bowel adenocarcinomas as well as the difference in the APC mutation distributions between small intestinal type adenomas and intramucosal adenocarcinomas may indicate the adenoma-carcinoma sequence has only limited involvement in duodenal carcinogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

DOI PubMed

Interactive Web-based Graphs of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases and Deaths per Population by Country.

Masashi Idogawa, Shoichiro Tange, Hiroshi Nakase, Takashi Tokino

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 71 ( 15 ) 902 - 903 2020年07月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

DOI PubMed

Combination of KRAS and SMAD4 mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer.

Takahiro Yokose, Minoru Kitago, Sachiko Matsuda, Yasushi Sasaki, Yohei Masugi, Yuki Nakamura, Masahiro Shinoda, Hiroshi Yagi, Yuta Abe, Go Oshima, Shutaro Hori, Fujita Yusuke, Yutaka Nakano, Yutaka Endo, Kodai Abe, Takashi Tokino, Yuko Kitagawa

Cancer science 111 ( 6 ) 2174 - 2182 2020年06月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues used for routine pathological diagnosis are valuable for cancer genomic analysis; however, the association between mutation status derived from these specimens and prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. We analyzed 50 cancer-related gene mutations including driver genes in PDAC, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to clarify the association between gene mutations and prognosis. DNA was extracted from FFPE tissues obtained from 74 patients with untreated resectable PDAC who underwent surgery at our institution between 2013 and 2018. Fifty of the 74 patients with DNA extracts from FFPE samples suitable for NGS were analyzed. The prevalence of driver gene mutations was as follows: 84% for KRAS, 62% for TP53, 32% for SMAD4, and 18% for CDKN2A. There were no cases of single SMAD4 mutations; its rate of coincidence with KRAS or TP53 mutations was 30% and 2%, respectively. The combination of KRAS and SMAD4 mutations resulted in significantly shorter relapse-free survival (RFS; median survival time [MST], 12.3 vs. 28.9 months, P = .014) and overall survival (OS; MST, 22.3 months vs. not reached, P = .048). On multivariate analysis, the combination of KRAS and SMAD4 mutations was an independent prognostic factor for RFS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.218; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77-10.08; P = .001) and OS (HR 6.730; 95% CI, 1.93-23.43; P = .003). The combination of KRAS and SMAD4 mutations in DNA obtained from FFPE tissues is an independent poor prognostic factor in PDAC.

DOI PubMed

Genetic analyses of mosaic neurofibromatosis type 1 with giant café-au-lait macule, plexiform neurofibroma and multiple melanocytic nevi.

Tokimasa Hida, Masashi Idogawa, Masae Okura, Shintaro Sugita, Taro Sugawara, Yasushi Sasaki, Takashi Tokino, Toshiharu Yamashita, Hisashi Uhara

The Journal of dermatology 47 ( 6 ) 658 - 662 2020年04月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genodermatosis caused by heterozygous germ line variations in the NF1 gene. A second-hit NF1 aberration results in the formation of café-au-lait macules, cutaneous neurofibroma and plexiform neurofibroma (PNF). Mosaic NF1 (mNF1), caused by a postzygotic NF1 mutation, is characterized by localized or generalized NF1-related manifestations. Although NF1 and mNF1 are associated with pigmentary skin lesions, clinically recognizable melanocytic nevi that developed over PNF have not been reported. Here, we report the first case of multiple melanocytic nevi that developed on a giant café-au-lait macule and PNF. The PNF had biallelic NF1 deletions, a whole deletion of NF1 and a novel intragenic deletion involving exons 25-30. The deletions were not detected in the blood, which resulted in the diagnosis of mNF1. Furthermore, the nevus cells had not only biallelic NF1 deletions but also NRAS Q61R, a common mutation found in congenital melanocytic nevi. These analyses revealed the coexistence of the two different mosaic diseases, mNF1 and congenital melanocytic nevi. For a diagnosis of cases with atypical NF1-like symptoms, genetic analyses using blood and lesional tissues are useful and aid in genetic counseling.

DOI PubMed

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) harboring a missense mutation of TSC2 with copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH).

Masashi Idogawa, Tokimasa Hida, Toshiaki Tanaka, Noriaki Ohira, Shoichiro Tange, Yasushi Sasaki, Hisashi Uhara, Naoya Masumori, Takashi Tokino, Hiroshi Natori

Cancer biology & therapy 21 ( 4 ) 315 - 319 2020年04月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is classified as a perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm, mostly occurring in the kidney. Twenty percent of patients with renal AML have tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) caused by germline variation in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. In this paper, we report the first case of renal AML harboring somatic missense mutations of the TSC2 gene and concomitant copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH). The patient presented with solitary renal AML and pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis and without other findings suggestive of TSC. Exome sequencing analysis of the renal AML, however, identified a pathogenic somatic missense mutation in the TSC2 gene (NM_000548:c.5228G>A:p. R1743Q), although no other somatic mutation was detected. Furthermore, no germline mutation in TSC1 or TSC2 was detected. Interestingly, the mutant allele ratio was too high for a somatic heterozygous mutation without loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Furthermore, no copy number variation was detected around the TSC2 locus (16p13.3). To clarify the allelic status, we analyzed heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chromosome 16. In these SNPs, an unbalanced allele ratio was accumulated inside the 16p13.3 region. These results suggested copy-neutral LOH (CN-LOH). Consequently, we concluded that the missense mutation of the TSC2 gene and CN-LOH of the TSC2 locus caused renal AML.

DOI PubMed

p53-induced ARVCF modulates the splicing landscape and supports the tumor suppressive function of p53.

Natsumi Suzuki, Masashi Idogawa, Shoichiro Tange, Tomoko Ohashi, Yasushi Sasaki, Hiroshi Nakase, Takashi Tokino

Oncogene 39 ( 10 ) 2202 - 2211 2020年03月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, and the exploration of p53-target genes is important for elucidation of its functional mechanisms. In this study, we identified Armadillo Repeat gene deleted in Velo-Cardio-Facial syndrome (ARVCF) as a direct target of p53 through ChIP-sequencing analysis. Activated p53 protein was found to bind to two distinct sites in the ARVCF gene, resulting in induction of ARVCF expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. We revealed that the knockdown of ARVCF inhibited p53-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, ARVCF interacted with hnRNPH2, which is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, and ARVCF knockdown induced dynamic changes in alternative splicing patterns. These results suggest that p53-induced ARVCF indirectly, but not directly, regulates p53 target selectivity through splicing alterations of specific genes. Thus, we demonstrated that the induction of ARVCF expression contributed to the tumor suppressive function of p53. Recently, it has been reported that many tumors have thousands of alternative splicing events that are not detectable in normal samples. ARVCF may play a role in alternative splicing events in cancer and may provide clues to explore novel approaches for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

DOI PubMed

Chemotherapy after progression on nivolumab is essential for responders with genetic alterations of driver gene: Review of two recurrent/metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Kazuhiro Ogi, Junichi Kobayashi, Takafumi Nakagaki, Junya Okamoto, Kazushige Koike, Naoki Hirokawa, Masanori Someya, Hiroki Sakamoto, Kohichi Takada, Takashi Tokino, Yasushi Sasaki, Hiroyoshi Hiratsuka, Akihiro Miyazaki

Oral oncology 102 104509 - 104509 2020年03月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

DOI PubMed

Pathogenesis of multiple pancreatic cancers involves multicentric carcinogenesis and intrapancreatic metastasis.

Yusuke Fujita, Sachiko Matsuda, Yasushi Sasaki, Yohei Masugi, Minoru Kitago, Hiroshi Yagi, Yuta Abe, Masahiro Shinoda, Takashi Tokino, Michiie Sakamoto, Yuko Kitagawa

Cancer science 111 ( 2 ) 739 - 748 2020年02月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

There are increased opportunities in oncology clinics to identify multiple pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) that co-occur simultaneously or arise metachronously in the pancreatic parenchyma, yet their pathogenesis remains elusive. We hypothesized that two potential pathways, multicentric carcinogenesis and intrapancreatic metastasis, might contribute to forming multiple PDAC. Among 241 resected cases, we identified 20 cancer nodules from nine patients with multiple PDAC (six with synchronous PDAC, one with metachronous PDAC, and two with both synchronous and metachronous PDAC). Integrated clinical, pathological, and mutational analyses, using TP53 and SMAD4 immunostaining and targeted next-generation sequencing of 50 cancer-related genes, were conducted to examine the intertumor relationships. Four of the nine patients were assessed as having undergone multicentric carcinogenesis because of heterogeneity of immunohistochemical and/or mutation characteristics. In contrast, tumors in the other five patients showed intertumor molecular relatedness. Two of these five patients, available for matched sequencing data, showed two or more shared mutations. Moreover, all the smaller nodules in these five patients showed identical TP53 and SMAD4 expression patterns to the corresponding main tumors. Consequently, these five patients were considered to have undergone intrapancreatic metastasis. None of the five smaller nodules arising from intrapancreatic metastasis was accompanied by pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and three of them were tiny (≤1mm). Patients whose tumors resulted from intrapancreatic metastasis appeared to have higher disease stages and worse outcome than those with tumors from multicentric carcinogenesis. Our results provide insight into pancreatic carcinogenesis, showing that the development of multiple PDAC involves distinct evolutionary paths that potentially affect patient prognosis.

DOI PubMed

神経線維腫を伴わない神経線維腫症1型2家系の遺伝子解析

肥田時征, 井戸川雅史, 石川亜貴, 水上都, 加藤潤史, 澄川靖之, 時野隆至, 宇原久

日本レックリングハウゼン病学会学術大会プログラム・抄録集 ( 日本レックリングハウゼン病学会 ) 11回 15 - 15 2020年02月

Significance of gene mutations in the Wnt signaling pathway in traditional serrated adenomas of the colon and rectum.

Hiroyoshi Nakanishi, Takeshi Sawada, Yasuharu Kaizaki, Ryosuke Ota, Hiromu Suzuki, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Hironori Aoki, Makoto Eizuka, Kenkei Hasatani, Naoki Takahashi, Satoko Inagaki, Masahide Ebi, Hiroyuki Kato, Eiji Kubota, Hiromi Kataoka, Satoru Takahashi, Takashi Tokino, Toshinari Minamoto, Tamotsu Sugai, Yasushi Sasaki

PloS one 15 ( 2 ) e0229262 2020年 [査読有り] [国際誌]

Recent studies have shown that colorectal serrated lesions, which include sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs), are precursors of colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis, particularly in TSAs, remain largely uncharacterized. To clarify their molecular and clinicopathological characteristics, we performed mutation and methylation analyses of cancer-associated genes in 78 serrated lesions, including TSAs, SSAs and microvesicular hyperplastic polyps. Target exon sequence analysis was performed with 39 genes, including genes known to be frequently mutated in colorectal cancers and/or serrated lesions. We also used bisulfite pyrosequencing to assess the methylation status of various cancer-associated genes and marker genes of the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). The prevalence of mutations in genes associated with Wnt signaling was significantly higher in TSAs than SSAs (65% vs. 28%, p < 0.01). Among those, RNF43 mutations were observed in 38% of TSAs and 17% of SSAs. In immunohistochemical studies of 39 serrated lesions, the prevalence of abnormal nuclear β-catenin accumulation was significantly higher in TSAs (57%) than SSAs (8%) (P = 0.01). SMOC1 methylation was detected in 54% of TSAs but in no SSAs (p < 0.01). Additionally, SMOC1 methylation was more prevalent among TSAs with KRAS mutation (82%) than with BRAF mutation (38%, p = 0.03). Lesions with CIMP-high or RNF43 mutations were detected only in TSAs with BRAF mutation, suggesting two distinct carcinogenic pathways in TSAs. Mutations in genes associated with Wnt signaling play a greater role in the carcinogenesis of TSAs than SSAs.

DOI PubMed

Whole-exome sequencing of 79 xenografts as a potential approach for the identification of genetic variants associated with sensitivity to cytotoxic anticancer drugs.

Chihiro Udagawa, Yasushi Sasaki, Yasuhiro Tanizawa, Hiroshi Suemizu, Yasuyuki Ohnishi, Yasukazu Nakamura, Takashi Tokino, Hitoshi Zembutsu

PloS one 15 ( 9 ) e0239614 2020年 [国際誌]

Chemotherapy response remains unpredictable in most patients with cancer. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 79 cancer xenografts derived from human cancer tissues to identify genetic predictors of chemosensitivity to nine cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Xenografts were harvested from 12 organs with cancer and implanted into nude mice. The mice were exposed to one of nine cytotoxic anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil, nimustine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, mitomycin C, methotrexate, vincristine, and vinblastine) to assess the correlation between chemosensitivity response and variant allele frequency. We found 162 candidate variants that were possibly associated with chemosensitivity to one or more of the nine anticancer drugs (P < 0.01). In a subgroup analysis of breast and gastric cancer xenografts, 78 and 67 variants, respectively, were possibly associated with chemosensitivity. This approach may help to contribute to the development of personalized treatments that may allow for the prescription of optimal chemotherapy regimens among patients with cancer.

DOI PubMed

Genomic characterization for familial cases with urothelial carcinoma.

Tetsuya Shindo, Megumi Hirobe, Yasushi Adachi, Yasushi Sasaki, Takashi Tokino, Naoya Masumori

International cancer conference journal 8 ( 4 ) 185 - 189 2019年10月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

In this report, we present familial cases of urothelial carcinoma. To investigate the possibility of hereditary urothelial cancer, we performed semiconductor-based next-generation DNA sequencing. A woman in her 80s who had bladder and left ureteral cancer was hospitalized in Sapporo Shirakaba-dai Hospital due to consciousness disturbance. Radiographic evaluation revealed multiple liver metastases and she died 38 days later. Needle necropsy was done for a left ureteral tumor that continued to her bladder tumor and for liver metastases. At the same time, her son in his 60s, who also had muscle-invasive bladder cancer, was admitted to Sapporo Medical University Hospital and underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by laparoscopic radical cystectomy. DNA was isolated from both cancers and normal controls in each case and analyzed by massive parallel sequencing of 409 cancer-related genes using a targeted, multiplex PCR approach followed by semiconductor sequencing. Somatic mutations of KMT2C and KMT2D were detected in the mother's tumor. Copy number gains of FGFR1, IkBKB, NFkB2, FGFR2, and FLT3 and copy number losses of IGF2R and TP53 were also found in her cancer. In her son's tumor, somatic mutations of FGFR3 and EP300 were identified. Copy number gains of IkBKE/MAPK1/PARP1, EGFR, BRAF, IRS2, MAPK2K1, IGF1R, and ERBB2 and copy number loss of TP53 were also found in his cancer. There were no germline gene mutations related to familial urothelial carcinoma. Although somatic mutation of TP53 was a common feature, these cases with urothelial carcinoma might not be the result of a heredity syndrome.

DOI PubMed

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