Details of a Researcher - SASAKI Yasushi

Papers - SASAKI Yasushi

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Combination of KRAS and SMAD4 mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer.

Takahiro Yokose, Minoru Kitago, Sachiko Matsuda, Yasushi Sasaki, Yohei Masugi, Yuki Nakamura, Masahiro Shinoda, Hiroshi Yagi, Yuta Abe, Go Oshima, Shutaro Hori, Fujita Yusuke, Yutaka Nakano, Yutaka Endo, Kodai Abe, Takashi Tokino, Yuko Kitagawa

Cancer science 111 ( 6 ) 2174 - 2182 2020.06 [Refereed] [International journal]

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues used for routine pathological diagnosis are valuable for cancer genomic analysis; however, the association between mutation status derived from these specimens and prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. We analyzed 50 cancer-related gene mutations including driver genes in PDAC, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to clarify the association between gene mutations and prognosis. DNA was extracted from FFPE tissues obtained from 74 patients with untreated resectable PDAC who underwent surgery at our institution between 2013 and 2018. Fifty of the 74 patients with DNA extracts from FFPE samples suitable for NGS were analyzed. The prevalence of driver gene mutations was as follows: 84% for KRAS, 62% for TP53, 32% for SMAD4, and 18% for CDKN2A. There were no cases of single SMAD4 mutations; its rate of coincidence with KRAS or TP53 mutations was 30% and 2%, respectively. The combination of KRAS and SMAD4 mutations resulted in significantly shorter relapse-free survival (RFS; median survival time [MST], 12.3 vs. 28.9 months, P = .014) and overall survival (OS; MST, 22.3 months vs. not reached, P = .048). On multivariate analysis, the combination of KRAS and SMAD4 mutations was an independent prognostic factor for RFS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.218; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77-10.08; P = .001) and OS (HR 6.730; 95% CI, 1.93-23.43; P = .003). The combination of KRAS and SMAD4 mutations in DNA obtained from FFPE tissues is an independent poor prognostic factor in PDAC.

Genetic analyses of mosaic neurofibromatosis type 1 with giant café-au-lait macule, plexiform neurofibroma and multiple melanocytic nevi.

Tokimasa Hida, Masashi Idogawa, Masae Okura, Shintaro Sugita, Taro Sugawara, Yasushi Sasaki, Takashi Tokino, Toshiharu Yamashita, Hisashi Uhara

The Journal of dermatology 2020.04 [Refereed] [International journal]

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genodermatosis caused by heterozygous germ line variations in the NF1 gene. A second-hit NF1 aberration results in the formation of café-au-lait macules, cutaneous neurofibroma and plexiform neurofibroma (PNF). Mosaic NF1 (mNF1), caused by a postzygotic NF1 mutation, is characterized by localized or generalized NF1-related manifestations. Although NF1 and mNF1 are associated with pigmentary skin lesions, clinically recognizable melanocytic nevi that developed over PNF have not been reported. Here, we report the first case of multiple melanocytic nevi that developed on a giant café-au-lait macule and PNF. The PNF had biallelic NF1 deletions, a whole deletion of NF1 and a novel intragenic deletion involving exons 25-30. The deletions were not detected in the blood, which resulted in the diagnosis of mNF1. Furthermore, the nevus cells had not only biallelic NF1 deletions but also NRAS Q61R, a common mutation found in congenital melanocytic nevi. These analyses revealed the coexistence of the two different mosaic diseases, mNF1 and congenital melanocytic nevi. For a diagnosis of cases with atypical NF1-like symptoms, genetic analyses using blood and lesional tissues are useful and aid in genetic counseling.

Significance of gene mutations in the Wnt signaling pathway in traditional serrated adenomas of the colon and rectum

Hiroyoshi Nakanishi, Takeshi Sawada, Yasuharu Kaizaki, Ryosuke Ota, Hiromu Suzuki, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Hironori Aoki, Makoto Eizuka, Kenkei Hasatani, Naoki Takahashi, Satoko Inagaki, Masahide Ebi, Hiroyuki Kato, Eiji Kubota, Hiromi Kataoka, Satoru Takahashi, Takashi Tokino, Toshinari Minamoto, Tamotsu Sugai, Yasushi Sasaki

PLoS ONE 15 ( 2 ) e0229262 2020 [Refereed] [International journal]

Authorship： Last author

© 2020 Nakanishi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Recent studies have shown that colorectal serrated lesions, which include sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs), are precursors of colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis, particularly in TSAs, remain largely uncharacterized. To clarify their molecular and clinicopathological characteristics, we performed mutation and methylation analyses of cancer-associated genes in 78 serrated lesions, including TSAs, SSAs and microvesicular hyperplastic polyps. Target exon sequence analysis was performed with 39 genes, including genes known to be frequently mutated in colorectal cancers and/or serrated lesions. We also used bisulfite pyrosequencing to assess the methylation status of various cancer-associated genes and marker genes of the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). The prevalence of mutations in genes associated with Wnt signaling was significantly higher in TSAs than SSAs (65% vs. 28%, p < 0.01). Among those, RNF43 mutations were observed in 38% of TSAs and 17% of SSAs. In immunohistochemical studies of 39 serrated lesions, the prevalence of abnormal nuclear β-catenin accumulation was significantly higher in TSAs (57%) than SSAs (8%) (P = 0.01). SMOC1 methylation was detected in 54% of TSAs but in no SSAs (p < 0.01). Additionally, SMOC1 methylation was more prevalent among TSAs with KRAS mutation (82%) than with BRAF mutation (38%, p = 0.03). Lesions with CIMP-high or RNF43 mutations were detected only in TSAs with BRAF mutation, suggesting two distinct carcinogenic pathways in TSAs. Mutations in genes associated with Wnt signaling play a greater role in the carcinogenesis of TSAs than SSAs.

Whole-exome sequencing of 79 xenografts as a potential approach for the identification of genetic variants associated with sensitivity to cytotoxic anticancer drugs.

Chihiro Udagawa, Yasushi Sasaki, Yasuhiro Tanizawa, Hiroshi Suemizu, Yasuyuki Ohnishi, Yasukazu Nakamura, Takashi Tokino, Hitoshi Zembutsu

PloS one 15 ( 9 ) e0239614 2020 [Refereed] [International journal]

Chemotherapy response remains unpredictable in most patients with cancer. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 79 cancer xenografts derived from human cancer tissues to identify genetic predictors of chemosensitivity to nine cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Xenografts were harvested from 12 organs with cancer and implanted into nude mice. The mice were exposed to one of nine cytotoxic anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil, nimustine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, mitomycin C, methotrexate, vincristine, and vinblastine) to assess the correlation between chemosensitivity response and variant allele frequency. We found 162 candidate variants that were possibly associated with chemosensitivity to one or more of the nine anticancer drugs (P < 0.01). In a subgroup analysis of breast and gastric cancer xenografts, 78 and 67 variants, respectively, were possibly associated with chemosensitivity. This approach may help to contribute to the development of personalized treatments that may allow for the prescription of optimal chemotherapy regimens among patients with cancer.

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) harboring a missense mutation of TSC2 with copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH)

Masashi Idogawa, Tokimasa Hida, Toshiaki Tanaka, Noriaki Ohira, Shoichiro Tange, Yasushi Sasaki, Hisashi Uhara, Naoya Masumori, Takashi Tokino, Hiroshi Natori

Cancer Biology & Therapy 21 ( 4 ) 315 - 319 2019.12 [Refereed] [International journal]

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is classified as a perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm, mostly occurring in the kidney. Twenty percent of patients with renal AML have tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) caused by germline variation in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. In this paper, we report the first case of renal AML harboring somatic missense mutations of the TSC2 gene and concomitant copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH). The patient presented with solitary renal AML and pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis and without other findings suggestive of TSC. Exome sequencing analysis of the renal AML, however, identified a pathogenic somatic missense mutation in the TSC2 gene (NM_000548:c.5228G>A:p. R1743Q), although no other somatic mutation was detected. Furthermore, no germline mutation in TSC1 or TSC2 was detected. Interestingly, the mutant allele ratio was too high for a somatic heterozygous mutation without loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Furthermore, no copy number variation was detected around the TSC2 locus (16p13.3). To clarify the allelic status, we analyzed heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chromosome 16. In these SNPs, an unbalanced allele ratio was accumulated inside the 16p13.3 region. These results suggested copy-neutral LOH (CN-LOH). Consequently, we concluded that the missense mutation of the TSC2 gene and CN-LOH of the TSC2 locus caused renal AML.

Chemotherapy after progression on nivolumab is essential for responders with genetic alterations of driver gene: Review of two recurrent/metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

Kazuhiro Ogi, Junichi Kobayashi, Takafumi Nakagaki, Junya Okamoto, Kazushige Koike, Naoki Hirokawa, Masanori Someya, Hiroki Sakamoto, Kohichi Takada, Takashi Tokino, Yasushi Sasaki, Hiroyoshi Hiratsuka, Akihiro Miyazaki

Oral Oncology 102 104509 - 104509 2019.12 [Refereed] [International journal]

p53-induced ARVCF modulates the splicing landscape and supports the tumor suppressive function of p53.

Suzuki N, Idogawa M, Tange S, Ohashi T, Sasaki Y, Nakase H, Tokino T

Oncogene 39 ( 10 ) 2202 - 2211 2019.12 [Refereed] [International journal]

p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, and the exploration of p53-target genes is important for elucidation of its functional mechanisms. In this study, we identified Armadillo Repeat gene deleted in Velo-Cardio-Facial syndrome (ARVCF) as a direct target of p53 through ChIP-sequencing analysis. Activated p53 protein was found to bind to two distinct sites in the ARVCF gene, resulting in induction of ARVCF expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. We revealed that the knockdown of ARVCF inhibited p53-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, ARVCF interacted with hnRNPH2, which is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, and ARVCF knockdown induced dynamic changes in alternative splicing patterns. These results suggest that p53-induced ARVCF indirectly, but not directly, regulates p53 target selectivity through splicing alterations of specific genes. Thus, we demonstrated that the induction of ARVCF expression contributed to the tumor suppressive function of p53. Recently, it has been reported that many tumors have thousands of alternative splicing events that are not detectable in normal samples. ARVCF may play a role in alternative splicing events in cancer and may provide clues to explore novel approaches for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Pathogenesis of multiple pancreatic cancers involves multicentric carcinogenesis and intrapancreatic metastasis.

Fujita Y, Matsuda S, Sasaki Y, Masugi Y, Kitago M, Yagi H, Abe Y, Shinoda M, Tokino T, Sakamoto M, Kitagawa Y

Cancer science 111 ( 2 ) 739 - 748 2019.12 [Refereed] [International journal]

There are increased opportunities in oncology clinics to identify multiple pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) that co-occur simultaneously or arise metachronously in the pancreatic parenchyma, yet their pathogenesis remains elusive. We hypothesized that two potential pathways, multicentric carcinogenesis and intrapancreatic metastasis, might contribute to forming multiple PDAC. Among 241 resected cases, we identified 20 cancer nodules from nine patients with multiple PDAC (six with synchronous PDAC, one with metachronous PDAC, and two with both synchronous and metachronous PDAC). Integrated clinical, pathological, and mutational analyses, using TP53 and SMAD4 immunostaining and targeted next-generation sequencing of 50 cancer-related genes, were conducted to examine the intertumor relationships. Four of the nine patients were assessed as having undergone multicentric carcinogenesis because of heterogeneity of immunohistochemical and/or mutation characteristics. In contrast, tumors in the other five patients showed intertumor molecular relatedness. Two of these five patients, available for matched sequencing data, showed two or more shared mutations. Moreover, all the smaller nodules in these five patients showed identical TP53 and SMAD4 expression patterns to the corresponding main tumors. Consequently, these five patients were considered to have undergone intrapancreatic metastasis. None of the five smaller nodules arising from intrapancreatic metastasis was accompanied by pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and three of them were tiny (≤1mm). Patients whose tumors resulted from intrapancreatic metastasis appeared to have higher disease stages and worse outcome than those with tumors from multicentric carcinogenesis. Our results provide insight into pancreatic carcinogenesis, showing that the development of multiple PDAC involves distinct evolutionary paths that potentially affect patient prognosis.

FGFR signaling as a candidate therapeutic target for cancers resistant to carbon ion radiotherapy

Narisa Dewi Maulany Darwis, Ankita Nachankar, Yasushi Sasaki, Toshiaki Matsui, Shin Ei Noda, Kazutoshi Murata, Tomoaki Tamaki, Ken Ando, Noriyuki Okonogi, Shintaro Shiba, Daisuke Irie, Takuya Kaminuma, Takuya Kumazawa, Mai Anakura, Souichi Yamashita, Takashi Hirakawa, Sangeeta Kakoti, Yuka Hirota, Takashi Tokino, Akira Iwase, Tatsuya Ohno, Atsushi Shibata, Takahiro Oike, Takashi Nakano

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20 ( 18 ) 2019.09 [Refereed] [International journal]

Authorship： Lead author

© 2019 by the authors. Radiotherapy is an essential component of cancer therapy. Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) promises to improve outcomes compared with standard of care in many cancers. Nevertheless, clinicians often observe in-field recurrence after CIRT. This indicates the presence of a subset of cancers that harbor intrinsic resistance to CIRT. Thus, the development of methods to identify and sensitize CIRT-resistant cancers is needed. To address this issue, we analyzed a unique donor-matched pair of clinical specimens: a treatment-naïve tumor, and the tumor that recurred locally after CIRT in the same patient. Exon sequencing of 409 cancer-related genes identified enrichment of somatic mutations in FGFR3 and FGFR4 in the recurrent tumor compared with the treatment-naïve tumor, indicating a pivotal role for FGFR signaling in cancer cell survival through CIRT. Inhibition of FGFR using the clinically available pan-FGFR inhibitor LY2874455 sensitized multiple cancer cell lines to carbon ions at 3 Gy (RBE: relative biological effectiveness), the daily dose prescribed to the patient. The sensitizer enhancement ratio was 1.66 ± 0.17, 1.27 ± 0.09, and 1.20 ± 0.18 in A549, H1299, and H1703 cells, respectively. Our data indicate the potential usefulness of the analytical pipeline employed in this pilot study to identify targetable mutations associated with resistance to CIRT, and of LY21874455 as a sensitizer for CIRT-resistant cancers. The results warrant validation in larger cohorts.

Genomic characterization for familial cases with urothelial carcinoma.

Tetsuya Shindo, Megumi Hirobe, Yasushi Adachi, Yasushi Sasaki, Takashi Tokino, Naoya Masumori

International cancer conference journal 8 ( 4 ) 185 - 189 2019.06 [Refereed] [International journal]

In this report, we present familial cases of urothelial carcinoma. To investigate the possibility of hereditary urothelial cancer, we performed semiconductor-based next-generation DNA sequencing. A woman in her 80s who had bladder and left ureteral cancer was hospitalized in Sapporo Shirakaba-dai Hospital due to consciousness disturbance. Radiographic evaluation revealed multiple liver metastases and she died 38 days later. Needle necropsy was done for a left ureteral tumor that continued to her bladder tumor and for liver metastases. At the same time, her son in his 60s, who also had muscle-invasive bladder cancer, was admitted to Sapporo Medical University Hospital and underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by laparoscopic radical cystectomy. DNA was isolated from both cancers and normal controls in each case and analyzed by massive parallel sequencing of 409 cancer-related genes using a targeted, multiplex PCR approach followed by semiconductor sequencing. Somatic mutations of KMT2C and KMT2D were detected in the mother's tumor. Copy number gains of FGFR1, IkBKB, NFkB2, FGFR2, and FLT3 and copy number losses of IGF2R and TP53 were also found in her cancer. In her son's tumor, somatic mutations of FGFR3 and EP300 were identified. Copy number gains of IkBKE/MAPK1/PARP1, EGFR, BRAF, IRS2, MAPK2K1, IGF1R, and ERBB2 and copy number loss of TP53 were also found in his cancer. There were no germline gene mutations related to familial urothelial carcinoma. Although somatic mutation of TP53 was a common feature, these cases with urothelial carcinoma might not be the result of a heredity syndrome.

A subset of diffuse-type gastric cancer is susceptible to mTOR inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors

Hiroshi Fukamachi, Seon Kyu Kim, Jiwon Koh, Hye Seung Lee, Yasushi Sasaki, Kentaro Yamashita, Taketo Nishikawaji, Shu Shimada, Yoshimitsu Akiyama, Sun Ju Byeon, Dong Hyuck Bae, Keisuke Okuno, Masatoshi Nakagawa, Toshiro Tanioka, Mikito Inokuchi, Hiroshi Kawachi, Kiichiro Tsuchiya, Kazuyuki Kojima, Takashi Tokino, Yoshinobu Eishi, Yong Sung Kim, Woo Ho Kim, Yasuhito Yuasa, Shinji Tanaka

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research 38 ( 1 ) 127 - 127 2019.03 [Refereed] [International journal]

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is essential for the growth of gastric cancer (GC), but mTOR inhibitor everolimus was not effective for the treatment of GCs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) researchers reported that most diffuse-type GCs were genomically stable (GS). Pathological analysis suggested that some diffuse-type GCs developed from intestinal-type GCs. Methods: We established patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines from diffuse-type GCs, and searched for drugs that suppressed their growth. Diffuse-type GCs were classified into subtypes by their gene expression profiles. Results: mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus strongly suppressed the growth of PDX-derived diffuse-type GC-initiating cells, which was regulated via Wnt-mTOR axis. These cells were microsatellite unstable (MSI) or chromosomally unstable (CIN), inconsistent with TCGA report. Diffuse-type GCs in TCGA cohort could be classified into two clusters, and GS subtype was major in cluster I while CIN and MSI subtypes were predominant in cluster II where PDX-derived diffuse-type GC cells were included. We estimated that about 9 and 55% of the diffuse-type GCs in cluster II were responders to mTOR inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors, respectively, by identifying PIK3CA mutations and MSI condition in TCGA cohort. These ratios were far greater than those of diffuse-type GCs in cluster I or intestinal-type GCs. Further analysis suggested that diffuse-type GCs in cluster II developed from intestinal-type GCs while those in cluster I from normal gastric epithelial cells. Conclusion: mTOR inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors might be useful for the treatment of a subset of diffuse-type GCs which may develop from intestinal-type GCs.

Prognostic Effect of Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Expression Depends on p53 Mutation Status in Cancer

Masashi Idogawa, Hiroshi Nakase, Yasushi Sasaki, Takashi Tokino

Journal of Oncology 2019 4368068 - 4368068 2019 [Refereed] [International journal]

© 2019 Masashi Idogawa et al. Recently, many studies have revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various biological and pathological processes. Our previous study reported that lncRNA NEAT1 is a direct transcriptional target of p53. NEAT1 is an essential component of paraspeckles, which have recently been identified as a novel type of nuclear compartment. Although our previous findings indicate that NEAT1 induction contributes to the tumor-suppressor function of p53, the role of NEAT1 in cancer is still controversial. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the relationship between NEAT1 expression and p53 mutation status. Interestingly, survival analysis based on NEAT1 expression in several cancer tissues revealed that the p53 wild-type group with high NEAT1 expression had a good prognosis, while poor prognosis or no correlation between NEAT1 expression and survival was observed in the p53-mutated group. These results demonstrate that the tumor-suppressive effect of NEAT1 depends on p53 function and is consistent with our previous report showing that NEAT1 supports the tumor-suppressive function of p53. Specifically, NEAT1 seems to play a tumor-suppressive role only in the presence of wild-type p53. These results provide important clues to the roles of NEAT1 in cancer.

Corrigendum to: Prognostic Effect of Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Expression Depends on p53 Mutation Status in Cancer (Journal of Oncology (2019) 2019 (4368068) DOI: 10.1155/2019/4368068)

Masashi Idogawa, Hiroshi Nakase, Yasushi Sasaki, Takashi Tokino

Journal of Oncology ( Hindawi Limited ) 2019 2019

In the article titled "Prognostic Effect of Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Expression Depends on p53 Mutation Status in Cancer" [1], there was an error in the Results section. In the third paragraph, the sentence "Although total RNA was treated with oligo dT to select for polyadenylated mRNAs in the RNA-seq protocol used to obtain TCGA data, the NEAT1_2 sequence includes five consecutive T repeats, with at least ten repeats (maximum: 17)" should be corrected to "Although total RNA was treated with oligo dT to select for polyadenylated mRNAs in the RNA-seq protocol used to obtain TCGA data, the NEAT1_2 sequence includes five consecutive A repeats, with at least ten repeats (maximum: 22).

Exome sequence analysis of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements of an esophageal carcinosarcoma

Sasaki Noriyuki, Iwaya Takeshi, Endo Fumitaka, Konosu Masafumi, Akiyama Yuji, Sasaki Yasushi, Tokino Takashi, Nishizuka Satoshi

CANCER SCIENCE 109 216 2018.12 [Refereed]

Patient-specific circulating tumor DNA monitoring using digital PCR in esophageal squamous cell cancer patients

Iwaya Takeshi, Endo Fumitaka, Sasaki Yasushi, Yaegashi Mizunori, Sato Kei, Sasaki Noriyuki, Akiyama Yuji, Sasaki Akira, Masuda Mari, Tokino Takashi, Nishizuka Satoshi

CANCER SCIENCE 109 708 2018.12 [Refereed]

Malignant paraganglioma of the posterior mediastinum: A case report with genetic analysis.

Yasushi Adachi, Hiroaki Mita, Yasushi Sasaki, Ryogo Himori, Kei Onodera, Masahiro Nakamura, Takefumi Kikuchi, Kentaro Yamashita, Yukinari Yoshida, Yoshifumi Ishii, Takao Endo

Molecular and Clinical Oncology 10 ( 1 ) 10 - 16 2018.11 [Refereed] [International journal]

Paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms that originate from chromaffin cells. In many of these tumors, several mutations are reported to occur in the genes of germline and/or somatic cells. A case of paraganglioma in the posterior mediastinum with highly malignant potential is reported. The patient had a rapid clinical course, and it was difficult to reach the final diagnosis. The initial diagnosis on fine-needle aspiration biopsy was a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) arising from the esophagus. Although radiation therapy was effective for the main tumor, the lung metastases did not respond sufficiently to several tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Autopsy and immunohistochemical examination using a battery of different markers resulted in a final diagnosis of malignant paraganglioma. Next-generation sequencing revealed several gene mutations and copy number variations, including of fumarate hydratase (FH), neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) and RET. Those gene alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of this malignant phenotype to a certain extent. To confirm this, further cases and studies are required. In addition, it should be noted that histological examination of a small piece of tumor might have sampling bias and could cause misdiagnosis.

Dysregulation of miRNA in chronic hepatitis B is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk after nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment

Hideki Wakasugi, Hideaki Takahashi, Takeshi Niinuma, Hiroshi Kitajima, Ritsuko Oikawa, Naoki Matsumoto, Yuko Takeba, Takehito Otsubo, Masayuki Takagi, Yasushi Ariizumi, Michihiro Suzuki, Chiaki Okuse, Shogo Iwabuchi, Masayuki Nakano, Noriyuki Akutsu, Jong-Hon Kang, Takeshi Matsui, Norie Yamada, Hajime Sasaki, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Masahiro Kai, Yasushi Sasaki, Shigeru Sasaki, Yasuhito Tanaka, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Takeya Tsutsumi, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Takashi Tokino, Hiroshi Nakase, Hiromu Suzuki, Fumio Itoh

Cancer Letters ( Elsevier BV ) 434 91 - 100 2018.10 [Refereed]

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy effectively reduces the incidence of HCC, but it does not completely prevent the disease. Here, we show that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is involved in post-NA HCC development. We divided chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who received NA therapy into two groups: 1) those who did not develop HCC during the follow-up period after NA therapy (no-HCC group) and 2) those who did (HCC group). miRNA expression profiles were significantly altered in CHB tissues as compared to normal liver, and the HCC group showed greater alteration than the no-HCC group. NA treatment restored the miRNA expression profiles to near-normal in the no-HCC group, but it was less effective in the HCC group. A number of miRNAs implicated in HCC, including miR-101, miR-140, miR-152, miR-199a-3p, and let-7g, were downregulated in CHB. Moreover, we identified CDK7 and TACC2 as novel target genes of miR-199a-3p. Our results suggest that altered miRNA expression in CHB contributes to HCC development, and that improvement of miRNA expression after NA treatment is associated with reduced HCC risk.

特発性肺線維症における肺マイクロバイオームについての検討

高橋洋平, 齋藤充史, 池田貴美之, 小林智史, 黒沼幸治, 千葉弘文, 佐々木泰史, 高橋弘毅

日本サルコイドーシス/肉芽腫性疾患学会雑誌 ( 日本サルコイドーシス ) 38 ( 1-2 ) 104 - 104 2018.10

Targeted next-generation sequencing of 50 cancer-related genes in Japanese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Takafumi Nakagaki, Miyuki Tamura, Kenta Kobashi, Akina Omori, Ryota Koyama, Masashi Idogawa, Kazuhiro Ogi, Hiroyoshi Hiratsuka, Takashi Tokino, Yasushi Sasaki

Tumor Biology 40 ( 9 ) 1010428318800180 - 1010428318800180 2018.09 [Refereed] [International journal]

Authorship： Last author , Corresponding author

© The Author(s) 2018. Somatic mutation analysis is a standard of practice for human cancers to identify therapeutic sensitization and resistance mutations. We performed a multigene sequencing screen to explore mutational hotspots in cancer-related genes using a semiconductor-based sequencer. DNA from oral squamous cell carcinoma samples was used as a template to amplify 207 regions from 50 cancer-related genes. Of the 80 oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens from Japanese patients, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, 56 specimens presented at least one somatic mutation among the 50 investigated genes, and 17 of these samples showed multiple gene somatic mutations. TP53 was the most commonly mutated gene (50.0%), followed by CDKN2A (16.3%), PIK3CA (7.5%), HRAS (5.0%), MET (2.5%), and STK11 (2.5%). In total, 32 cases (40.0%) were human papillomavirus positive and they were significantly less likely to have a TP53, mutation than human papillomavirus–negative oral squamous cell carcinomas (8/32, 25.0% vs 32/48, 66.7%, p = 0.00026). We also detected copy number variations, in which segments of the genome could be duplicated or deleted from the sequencing data. We detected the tumor-specific TP53 mutation in the plasma cell-free DNA from two oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, and after surgery, the test for these mutations became negative. Our approach facilitates the simultaneous high-throughput detection of somatic mutations and copy number variations in oral squamous cell carcinoma samples.

Prognostic nutritional index and early mortality with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

Adachi Y, Akino K, Nojima M, Himori R, Kikuchi T, Mita H, Nakamura M, Tsukuda H, Yamano HO, Sasaki Y, Yoshida Y, Kato Y, Nakase H, Endo T.

QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 111 ( 9 ) 635 - 641 2018.09 [Refereed]

Background:Although percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a well-accepted and less invasive method of feeding tube placement in patients with swallowing difficulties, complications and early death after PEG have been reported. Aim:This study aimed to evaluate predictive factors associated with 30-day mortality after PEG, and to assess the utility of nutritional supporting period before PEG in reducing early mortality following PEG. Design:An observational study. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 268 patients who underwent PEG at Sapporo Shirakaba-dai Hospital from 2006 to 2010, using clinical and laboratory data to analyze predictive factors associated with early death after PEG. Then, we prospectively assessed 152 consecutive patients assessed for eligibility for PEG from 2011 to 2014. We assessed the patients' nutritional condition using Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and supported nutrition for more than 10 days before PEG in patients with a poor nutritional index (PNI < 37). Results:In both univariate and multivariate analyses in the retrospective study, Onodera's PNI of less than 37 was the only predictive factor for early mortality. In the second study, among the 115 patients who finally underwent PEG, early mortality rates improved to 1.7% from 5.2% in the first study. Conversely, 32% of patients with malnutrition who did not undergo PEG died within 30 days. Conclusion:Nutritional status might be a predictive factor for early mortality after PEG. In patients with poor nutritional status, nutritional supporting period before PEG might improve the outcomes and reduce unnecessary PEG.

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