記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR), a lipid metabolism-related factor localized in tricellular tight junctions (tTJs), plays an important role in maintaining the epithelial barrier. LSR is highly expressed in well-differentiated endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC), and its expression decreases during malignancy. Angubindin-1, a novel LSR ligand peptide, regulates tTJs without cytotoxicity, enhances paracellular permeability, and regulates epithelial barrier via c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/cofilin. In this study, we investigated the immune-modulatory roles of an anti-LSR antibody in the treatment of EEC in vitro compared to those of angubindin-1. We prepared an antibody against the extracellular N-terminal domain of human LSR (LSR-N-ab) and angubindin-1. EEC cell-line Sawano cells in 2D and 2.5D cultures were treated with 100 μg/ml LSR-N-ab or 2.5 μg/ml angubindin-1 with or without protein tyrosine kinase 2β inhibitor PF431396 (PF43) and JNK inhibitor SP600125 (SP60) at 10 μM. Treatment with LSR-N-ab and angubindin-1 decreased LSR at the membranes of tTJs and the activity of phosphorylated LSR and phosphorylated cofilin in 2D culture. Treatment with LSR-N-ab and angubindin-1 decreased the epithelial barrier measured as TEER values in 2D culture and enhanced the epithelial permeability of FD-4 in 2.5D culture. Treatment with LSR-N-ab, but not angubindin-1, induced apoptosis in 2D culture. Pretreatment with PF43 and SP60 prevented all the changes induced by treatment with LSR-N-ab and angubindin-1. Treatment with LSR-N-ab and angubindin-1 enhanced the cell metabolism measured as the mitochondrial respiration levels in 2D culture. LSR-N-ab and angubindin-1 may be useful for therapy of human EEC via enhanced apoptosis or drug absorption.

DOI： 10.1080/21688370.2022.2106113

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abnormal expression of bicellular tight junction claudins, including claudin-2 are observed during carcinogenesis in human lung adenocarcinoma. However, little is known about the role of tricellular tight junction molecule angulin-1/lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR). In the lung adenocarcinoma tissues examined in the present study, expression of claudin-2 was higher than in normal lung tissues, while angulin-1/LSR was poorly or faintly expressed. We investigated how loss of angulin-1/LSR affects the malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and normal human lung epithelial (HLE) cells. The EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 prevented the increase of claudin-2 expression induced by EGF in A549 cells. Knockdown of LSR induced expression of claudin-2 at the protein and mRNA levels and AG1478 prevented the upregulation of claudin-2 in A549 cells. Knockdown of LSR induced cell proliferation, cell migration and cell metabolism in A549 cells. Knockdown of claudin-2 inhibited the cell proliferation but did not affect the cell migration or cell metabolism of A549 cells. The TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor EW-7197 prevented the decrease of LSR and claudin-2 induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells and 2D culture of normal HLE cells. EW-7197 prevented the increase of cell migration and cell metabolism induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells. EW-7197 prevented the increase of epithelial permeability of FITC-4kD dextran induced by TGF-β1 in 2.5D culture of normal HLE cells. In conclusion, downregulation of angulin-1/LSR induces malignancy via EGF-dependent claudin-2 and TGF-β-dependent cell metabolism in human lung adenocarcinoma.

DOI： 10.18632/oncotarget.27728

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Zonulin is a physiologic epithelial and endothelial permeability modulator. Zonulin increases antigen trafficking from the gut lumen into the bloodstream and in between body compartments, a mechanism linked to many chronic inflammatory diseases. Upon its initial discovery, it was noted that zonulin was not a single protein, but rather a family of structurally and functionally related proteins referred to as the zonulin family proteins (ZFPs). ZFPs are members of the mannose associated serine proteases (MASP) family and are the result of high mutation rates leading to many zonulin polymorphisms. Pre-haptoglobin 2, the precursor of haptoglobin 2, was identified as the first eukaryotic member of the ZFPs, and properdin, a key positive regulator of the alternative pathway, as a second member. In this study, we report two additional proteins that are likely ZFPs. Human coagulation factor X (FX) and CD5 antigen-like (CD5L). Both FX and CD5L recombinant proteins were detected by anti-zonulin antibody in Western immunoblot analysis, and both proteins decreased epithelial barrier competency of Caco-2 cell monolayers as established by the Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) assay. These results indicate that FX and CD5L have structural and functional similarities with previously identified ZFPs and, therefore, can be considered new members of this family of proteins.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.047

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Different molecular mechanisms contribute to the development of multidrug resistance in cancer, including increased drug efflux, enhanced cellular repair mechanisms and alterations of drug metabolism or drug targets. ABCG2 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily transporters that promotes drug efflux, inducing chemotherapeutic resistance in malignant cells. In this context, the development of selective ABCG2 inhibitors might be a suitable strategy to improve chemotherapy efficacy. Thus, through a multidisciplinary approach, we identified a new ABCG2 selective inhibitor (8), highlighting its ability to increase mitoxantrone cytotoxicity in both hepatocellular carcinoma (EC50from 8.67 ± 2.65 to 1.25 ± 0.80 μM) and transfected breast cancer cell lines (EC50from 9.92 ± 2.32 to 2.45 ± 1.40 μM). Moreover, mitoxantrone co-administration in both transfected and non-transfected HEK293 revealed that compound 8 notably lowered the mitoxantrone EC50, demonstrating its efficacy along with the importance of the ABCG2 extrusion pump overexpression in MDR reversion. These results were corroborated by evaluating the effect of inhibitor 8 on mitoxantrone cell uptake in multicellular tumor spheroids and via proteomic experiments.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms24010725

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MDPI AG  

The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) involves bidirectional communication between intestinal microbiota and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, central nervous system (CNS), neuroendocrine/neuroimmune systems, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and enteric nervous system (ENS). The intestinal microbiota can influence host physiology and pathology. Dysbiosis involves the loss of beneficial microbial input or signal, diversity, and expansion of pathobionts, which can lead to loss of barrier function and increased intestinal permeability (IP). Colostrum, the first milk from mammals after birth, is a natural source of nutrients and is rich in oligosaccharides, immunoglobulins, growth factors, and anti-microbial components. The aim of this study was to investigate if bovine colostrum (BC) administration might modulate intestinal microbiota and, in turn, behavior in two mouse models, wild-type (WT) and Zonulin transgenic (Ztm)—the latter of which is characterized by dysbiotic microbiota, increased intestinal permeability, and mild hyperactivity—and to compare with control mice. Bioinformatics analysis of the microbiome showed that consumption of BC was associated with increased taxonomy abundance (p = 0.001) and diversity (p = 0.004) of potentially beneficial species in WT mice and shifted dysbiotic microbial community towards eubiosis in Ztm mice (p = 0.001). BC induced an anxiolytic effect in WT female mice compared with WT female control mice (p = 0.0003), and it reduced anxiogenic behavior in Ztm female mice compared with WT female control mice (p = 0.001), as well as in Ztm male mice compared with WT BC male mice (p = 0.03). As evidenced in MGBA interactions, BC supplementation may well be applied for prophylactic approaches in the future. Further research is needed to explore human interdependencies between intestinal microbiota, including eubiosis and pathobionts, and neuroinflammation, and the potential value of BC for human use. The MGH Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee authorized the animal study (2013N000013).

DOI： 10.3390/biomedicines11010091

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本肺癌学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: The p53 family p63 is essential for the proliferation and differentiation of various epithelial basal cells. It is overexpressed in several cancers, including salivary gland neoplasia. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are thought to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis, and HDAC inhibitors downregulate p63 expression in cancers. METHODS: In the present study, to investigate the roles and regulation of p63 in salivary duct adenocarcinoma (SDC), human SDC cell line A253 was transfected with siRNA-p63 or treated with the HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and quisinostat (JNJ-26481585). RESULTS: In a DNA array, the knockdown of p63 markedly induced mRNAs of the tight junction (TJ) proteins cingulin (CGN) and zonula occuludin-3 (ZO-3). The knockdown of p63 resulted in the recruitment of the TJ proteins, the angulin-1/lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR), occludin (OCLN), CGN, and ZO-3 at the membranes, preventing cell proliferation, and leading to increased cell metabolism. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors downregulated the expression of p63, induced TJ structures, recruited the TJ proteins, increased the epithelial barrier function, and prevented cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS: p63 is not only a diagnostic marker of salivary gland neoplasia, but it also promotes the malignancy. Inhibition of HDAC and signal transduction pathways is, therefore, useful in therapy for p63-positive SDC cells.

DOI： 10.3390/cancers14112584

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Airway and intestinal epithelial permeability barriers are crucial in epithelial homeostasis. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), increased by various stimuli, is involved in the induction of airway inflammation, as well as the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. HMGB1 enhances epithelial hyperpermeability. Two-and-a-half dimensional (2.5D) culture assays are experimentally convenient and induce cells to form a more physiological tissue architecture than 2D culture assays for molecular transfer mechanism analysis. In 2.5D culture, treatment with HMGB1 induced permeability of FITC-dextran into the lumen formed by human lung, nasal and intestinal epithelial cells. The tricellular tight junction molecule angulin-1/LSR is responsible for the epithelial permeability barrier at tricellular contacts and contributes to various human airway and intestinal inflammatory diseases. In this review, we indicate the mechanisms including angulin-1/LSR and multiple signaling in dysfunction of the epithelial permeability barrier induced by HMGB1 in 2.5D culture of human airway and intestinal epithelial cells.

DOI： 10.1080/21688370.2021.1972760

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The transcription factor FOXO3 is necessary to preserve cochlear hair cells. Growth factors, including TGF-β, closely contribute to cochlear hair cell regeneration. In the present study, to investigate the roles of FOXO3 in the ciliogenesis and cell functions of cochlear hair cells, UB/OC-2 temperature-sensitive mouse cochlear precursor hair cells were treated with TGF-β receptor type 1 inhibitor EW-7197 or EGF receptor inhibitor AG-1478 after transfection with or without siRNA-FOXO3a. GeneChip analysis revealed that treatment with EW-7197 increased Foxo3 genes and decreased genes of Smads. During cell differentiation, treatment with EW-7197 or AG-1478 induced an increase in length of cilia-like structures that were positive for acetylated tubulin and inhibited cell migration. Treatment with EW-7197 also increased cell metabolism measured as mitochondrial basal respiration (oxygen consumption rate). The effects of EW-7197 were stronger than those of AG-1478. Knockdown of FOXO3 prevented the growth of cilia-like structures induced by EW-7197 or AG-1478 and induced cell migration under treatment with EW-7197. No change of the epithelial cell polarity molecule PAR3 was observed with any treatment. Treatment with the antimicrobial agent amikacin prevented the growth of cilia-like structures induced by EW-7197 and induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone inhibited the apoptosis induced by amikacin. This in vitro model of mouse cochlear hair cells suggests that FOXO3/TGF-β signaling plays a crucial role in ciliogenesis and cell functions during differentiation of cochlear hair cells. This model is useful for analysis of the mechanisms of hearing loss and to find therapeutic agents to prevent it.

DOI： 10.1007/s00418-021-02068-8

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Tight junction proteins play roles beyond permeability barriers functions and control cell proliferation and differentiation. The relation between tight junctions and the signal transduction pathways affects cell growth, invasion and migration. Abnormality of tight junction proteins closely contributes to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignancy of various cancers. Angulin-1/lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) forms tricellular contacts that has a barrier function. Downregulation of angulin-1/LSR correlates with the malignancy in various cancers, including endometrioid-endometrial carcinoma (EEC). These alterations have been shown to link to not only multiple signaling pathways such as Hippo/YAP, HDAC, AMPK, but also cell metabolism in ECC cell line Sawano. Moreover, loss of angulin-1/LSR upregulates claudin-1, and loss of apoptosis stimulating p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) downregulates angulin-1/LSR. Angulin-1/LSR and ASPP2 concentrate at both midbody and centrosome in cytokinesis. In EEC tissues, angulin-1/LSR and ASPP2 are reduced and claudin-2 is overexpressed during malignancy, while in the tissues of endometriosis changes in localization of angulin-1/LSR and claudin-2 are seen. This review highlights how downregulation of angulin-1/LSR promotes development of endometriosis and EEC and discusses about the roles of angulin-1/LSR and its related proteins, including claudins and ASPP2.

DOI： 10.3390/cancers13246341

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We examined the relationship between zonulin and gastric motility in critical care patients and a translational mouse model of systemic inflammation. Gastric motility and haptoglobin (HP) 2 isoform quantification, proxy for zonulin, were examined in patients. Inflammation was triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in C57Bl/6 zonulin transgenic mouse (Ztm) and wildtype (WT) mice as controls, and gastro-duodenal transit was examined by fluorescein-isothiocyanate, 6 and 12 h after LPS-injection. Serum cytokines and zonulin protein levels, and zonulin gastric-duodenal mRNA expression were examined. Eight of 20 patients [14 years, IQR (12.25, 18)] developed gastric dysmotility and were HP2 isoform-producing. HP2 correlated with gastric dysmotility (r = - 0.51, CI - 0.81 to 0.003, p = 0.048). LPS injection induced a time-dependent increase in IL-6 and KC-Gro levels in all mice (p < 0.0001). Gastric dysmotility was reduced similarly in Ztm and WT mice in a time-dependent manner. Ztm had 16% faster duodenal motility than WT mice 6H post-LPS, p = 0.01. Zonulin mRNA expression by delta cycle threshold (dCT) was higher in the stomach (9.7, SD 1.4) than the duodenum (13.9, SD 1.4) 6H post-LPS, p = 0.04. Serum zonulin protein levels were higher in LPS-injected mice compared to vehicle-injected animals in a time-dependent manner. Zonulin correlated with gastric dysmotility in patients. A mouse model had time-dependent gastro-duodenal dysmotility after LPS-injection that paralleled zonulin mRNA expression and protein levels.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-01879-y

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Withdrawal from contact inhibition is necessary for epithelial cancer precursor cells to initiate cell growth and motility. Nevertheless, little is understood about the mechanism for the sudden initiation of cell growth under static conditions. We focused on cellular junctions as one region where breaking out of contact inhibition occurs. In well-differentiated endometrial cancer cells, Sawano, the ligand administration for tricellular tight junction protein LSR, which transiently decreased the robust junction property, caused an abrupt increase in cell motility and consequent excessive multilayered cell growth despite being under contact inhibition conditions. We observed that macropinocytosis essentially and temporarily occurred as an antecedent event for the above process at intercellular junctions without disruption of the junction apparatus but not at the apical plasma membrane. Collectively, we concluded that the formation of macropinocytosis, which is derived from tight junction-mediated signaling, was triggered for the initiation of cell growth in static precancerous epithelium.

DOI： 10.1096/fj.202100299R

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The airway epithelium of the human nasal mucosa acts as a physical barrier that protects against inhaled substances and pathogens via bicellular and tricellular tight junctions (bTJs and tTJs) including claudins, angulin-1/LSR and tricellulin. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) increased by TGF-β1 is involved in the induction of nasal inflammation and injury in patients with allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. However, the detailed mechanisms by which this occurs remain unknown. In the present study, to investigate how HMGB1 affects the barrier of normal human nasal epithelial cells, 2D and 2.5D Matrigel culture of primary cultured human nasal epithelial cells were pretreated with TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor EW-7197 before treatment with HMGB1. Knockdown of angulin-1/LSR downregulated the epithelial barrier. Treatment with EW-7197 decreased angulin-1/LSR and concentrated the expression at tTJs from bTJs and increased the epithelial barrier. Treatment with a binder to angulin-1/LSR angubindin-1 decreased angulin-1/LSR and the epithelial barrier. Treatment with HMGB1 decreased angulin-1/LSR and the epithelial barrier. In 2.5D Matrigel culture, treatment with HMGB1 induced permeability of FITC-dextran (FD-4) into the lumen. Pretreatment with EW-7197 prevented the effects of HMGB1. HMGB1 disrupted the angulin-1/LSR-dependent epithelial permeability barriers of HNECs via TGF-β signaling in HNECs.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms22168390

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have a potential therapeutic role for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, more preclinical studies of HDAC inhibitors in NSCLC and normal lung epithelial cells are required to evaluate their antitumor activities and mechanisms. The bicellular tight junction molecule claudin-2 (CLDN-2) is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and increase the proliferation of adenocarcinoma cells. Downregulation of the tricellular tight junction molecule angulin-1/LSR induces malignancy via EGF-dependent CLDN-2 and TGF-β-dependent cellular metabolism in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. In the present study, to investigate the detailed mechanisms of the antitumor activities of HDAC inhibitors in lung adenocarcinoma, human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and normal lung epithelial cells were treated with the HDAC inibitors Trichostatin A (TSA) and Quisinostat (JNJ-2648158) with or without TGF-β. Both HDAC inhibitors increased anguin-1/LSR, decrease CLDN-2, promoted G1 arrest and prevented the migration of A549 cells. Furthermore, TSA but not Quisinostat with or without TGF-β induced cellular metabolism indicated as the mitochondrial respiration measured using the oxygen consumption rate. In normal human lung epithelial cells, treatment with TSA and Quisinostat increased expression of LSR and CLDN-2 and decreased that of CLDN-1 with or without TGF-β in 2D culture. Quisinostat but not TSA with TGF-β increased CLDN-7 expression in 2D culture. Both HDAC inhibitors prevented disruption of the epithelial barrier measured as the permeability of FD-4 induced by TGF-β in 2.5D culture. TSA and Quisinostat have potential for use in therapy for lung adenocarcinoma via changes in the expression of angulin-1/LSR and CLDN-2.

DOI： 10.1007/s00418-021-01966-1

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本呼吸器外科学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase 2β (Pyk2) phosphorylated tricellular tight junction (tTJ) molecules angulin-1/LSR and tricellulin (TRIC) and the inhibitor PF-431396 (PF43) suppress angulin-1/LSR and TRIC recruitment to tTJs. The disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier by high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IFNγ contributes to downregulation of angulin-1/LSR and TRIC in 2.5D culture of Caco-2 cells as a novel model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the present study, to investigate the roles of Pyk2 phosphorylated angulin-1/LSR and TRIC in the intestinal epithelial barrier, 2D and 2.5D cultures of Caco-2 cells were treated with the Pyk2 inhibitor PF-43 with or without HMGB1, inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IFNγ. Treatment with PF-43 increased expression of angulin-1/LSR, phosphorylated AMPK and phosphorylated MAPK and decreased that of phosphorylated JNK, with upregulation of the epithelial barrier and cellular metabolism measured as basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP production in 2D culture. Treatment with PF-43 prevented the downregulation of the epithelial barrier by HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines in 2D culture. Treatment with PF-43 prevented the epithelial hyperpermeability induced by HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines in 2.5D culture. In 2.5D culture, treatment with PF-43 inhibited the decreases of angulin-1/LSR, TRIC, pJNK, pAMPK and pMAPK induced by HMGB1 and the inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with PF-43 inhibited in part the induced phosphorylation of the serine of angulin-1/LSR and TRIC. Pyk2 inhibitor PF-43 may have potential for use in therapy for IBD via its actions with regard to phosphorylated tTJs and cellular metabolism.

DOI： 10.1080/21688370.2021.1890526

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the invasion and metastatic properties of cancer cells are promoted by junctional adhesion molecule‑A (JAM‑A) and claudin‑1; these are epithelial tight junction molecules regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) and transcription factor p63. HDAC expression is reportedly upregulated in HNSCC, and HDAC inhibitors suppress cancer cell proliferation by initiating proliferative arrest or apoptosis. However, little is known of the anti‑cancer mechanisms of HDAC inhibitors in HNSCC. Thus, in the present study, the HNSCC Detroit 562 cell line and primary cultured HNSCC cells were treated with HDAC inhibitors to investigate their effects in HNSCC. Higher expression of p63, HDAC1, JAM‑A and claudin‑1 was observed in HNSCC tissues compared with the adjacent dysplastic regions. In Detroit 562 cells, treatment with trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of HDAC1 and 6, downregulated the expression of p63, JAM‑A and claudin‑1, and upregulated that of acetylated tubulin; conversely, p63 knockdown resulted in the downregulation of JAM‑A and claudin‑1. Collectively, inhibiting HDAC suppressed the migration and invasiveness of cancer cells. In addition, treatment with TSA suppressed cancer cell proliferation via G2/M arrest, as well as upregulating p21 and downregulating cyclin D1 expression. TSA also downregulated the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phospho‑ERK1/2. p63 knockdown and treatment with an EGFR inhibitor induced G1 arrest and downregulated EGFR and phospho‑ERK1/2 levels, respectively. HDAC inhibition also suppressed the migration and invasiveness of primary cultured HNSCC cells. Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that HDAC inhibitors suppress the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of HNSCC by downregulating the p63‑mediated tight junction molecules JAM‑A and claudin‑1, and inducing p63 or p21‑mediated growth arrest.

DOI： 10.3892/or.2021.7997

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本婦人科腫瘍学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with IBD develop zinc deficiency. However, the detailed roles of HMGB1 and zinc deficiency in the intestinal epithelial barrier and cellular metabolism of IBD remain unknown. In the present study, Caco-2 cells in 2D culture and 2.5D Matrigel culture were pretreated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type 1 receptor kinase inhibitor EW-7197, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor AG-1478 and a TNFα antibody before treatment with HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IFNγ). EW-7197, AG-1478 and the TNFα antibody prevented hyperpermeability induced by HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines in 2.5D culture. HMGB1 affected cilia formation in 2.5D culture. EW-7197, AG-1478 and the TNFα antibody prevented the increase in cell metabolism induced by HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines in 2D culture. Furthermore, ZnSO4 prevented the hyperpermeability induced by zinc chelator TPEN in 2.5D culture. ZnSO4 and TPEN induced cellular metabolism in 2D culture. The disruption of the epithelial barrier induced by HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines contributed to TGF-β/EGF signaling in Caco-2 cells. The TNFα antibody and ZnSO4 as well as EW-7197 and AG-1478 may have potential for use in therapy for IBD.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms21228434

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Claudin-2 (CLDN-2) is a leaky-type tight junction protein, and its overexpression increases tumorigenesis of some types of cancer cells. In the present study, to examine the possibility of targeting CLDN-2 in the therapy for endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma, we investigated the regulation and role of CLDN-2 in endometriosis and endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. In endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma tissues, marked upregulation of CLDN-2 was observed together with malignancy, while in endometriosis tissues, a change in the localization of CLDN-2 was observed. In cells of the endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line Sawano, which highly express CLDN-2, downregulation of CLDN-2 induced by the siRNA upregulated the epithelial barrier and inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, the downregulation of CLDN-2 affected the cell cycle and inhibited cell proliferation. In Sawano cells cultured with high-glucose medium, CLDN-2 expression was downregulated at the mRNA and protein levels. The high-glucose medium upregulated the epithelial barrier, cell proliferation, and migration, and inhibited cell invasion. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor tricostatin A (TSA), which has antitumor effects, downregulated CLDN-2 expression, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and upregulated the epithelial barrier. The mitochondrial respiration level, an indicator of cancer metabolism, was downregulated by CLDN-2 knockdown and upregulated by the high-glucose condition. Taken together, these results indicated that overexpression of CLDN-2 closely contributed to the malignancy of endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Downregulation of CLDN-2 via the changes of the glucose concentration and treatment with HDAC inhibitors may be important in the therapy for endometrial cancer.

DOI： 10.1007/s43032-020-00230-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in the induction of airway inflammation and injury in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). HMGB1 increased by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), impairs airway epithelial barrier function in the lung. In the present study, to investigate how HMGB1 affects the barrier of normal human lung epithelial (HLE) cells, monolayer cells (2D culture) and bronchial-like spheroid cells (2.5 D Matrigel culture), which have lumen formation, were pretreated with TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor EW-7197 before treatment with HMGB1. In 2D culture, treatment with HMGB1 decreased expression of angulin-1/LSR, TRIC and CLDN-1, -4, -7 and increased that of CLDN-2. Pretreatment with EW-7197 prevented the changes of all tight junction molecules induced by HMGB1. In 2.5D Matrigel culture, treatment with HMGB1 induced permeability of FITC-dextran (FD-4) into the lumen, whereas pretreatment with EW-7197 prevented the hyperpermeability of FD-4 into the lumen caused by HMGB1. In 2.5D Matrigel culture, knockdown of transcription factor p63 prevented the hyperpermeability induced by HMGB1 as well as pretreatment with EW-7197. In the 2D culture of HLE cells with HMGB1, knockdown of p63 increased the level of angulin-1/LSR and CLDN-4, while pretreatment with EW-7197 enhanced the increase of CLDN-4 induced by knockdown of p63. Immunohistochemical analysis of IPF, CLDN-2, HMGB1 and p63 revealed that their levels were higher in the regenerative epithelium of the terminal bronchial region than in normal epithelium. HMGB1 induces epithelial permeability of HLE cells via p63/TGF-β signaling in normal lung and IPF.

DOI： 10.1080/21688370.2020.1805997

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Apoptosis-stimulating p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) is an apoptosis inducer that acts via binding with p53 and epithelial polarity molecule PAR3. Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is an important molecule at tricellular contacts, and loss of LSR promotes cell migration and invasion via Yes-associated protein (YAP) in human endometrial cancer cells. In the present study, to find how ASPP2 suppression promotes malignancy in human endometrial cancer, we investigated its mechanisms including the relationship with LSR. In endometriosis and endometrial cancers (G1 and G2), ASPP2 was observed as well as PAR3 and LSR in the subapical region. ASPP2 decreased in G3 endometrial cancer compared to G1. In human endometrial cancer cell line Sawano, ASPP2 was colocalized with LSR and tricellulin at tricellular contacts and binding to PAR3, LSR, and tricellulin in the confluent state. ASPP2 suppression promoted cell migration and invasion, decreased LSR expression, and induced expression of phosphorylated YAP, claudin-1, -4, and -7 as effectively as the loss of LSR. Knockdown of YAP prevented the upregulation of pYAP, cell migration and invasion induced by the ASPP2 suppression. Treatment with a specific antibody against ASPP2 downregulated ASPP2 and LSR, affected F-actin at tricellular contacts, upregulated expression of pYAP and claudin-1, and induced cell migration and invasion via YAP. In normal human endometrial epithelial cells, ASPP2 was in part colocalized with LSR at tricellular contacts and knockdown of ASPP2 or LSR induced expression of claudin-1 and claudin-4. ASPP2 suppression promoted cell invasion and migration via LSR and YAP in human endometrial cancer cells.

DOI： 10.1007/s00418-020-01876-8

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A non-histone chromatin-associated protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which impairs the airway epithelial barrier, is involved in the induction of airway inflammation in patients with allergy, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) form at the convergence of bicellular tight junctions (bTJs). Angulin-1/lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is a novel molecule present at tricellular contacts and contributes to the epithelial barrier and cellular metabolism. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central metabolic regulator and has a reciprocal association with TJs. In the present study, to examine how HMGB1 contributes to airway epithelial barrier disruption and the cellular metabolism indicated as mitochondrial respiration, bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells were transfected with siRNAs of angulin-1/LSR or treated with HMGB1 and the relationship between HMGB1 and angulin-1/LSR was investigated. Knockdown of angulin-1/LSR upregulated the expression of the tight junction molecule claudin-2, AMPK activity, and mitochondrial respiration, and downregulated the epithelial barrier. Treatment with HMGB1 downregulated angulin-1/LSR expression and the epithelial barrier, and upregulated claudin-2 expression, AMPK activity and mitochondrial respiration. Treatment with EW-7197, a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor kinase inhibitor, prevented all the effects of HMGB1 in Calu-3 cells. HMGB1-downregulated angulin-1/LSR induced epithelial barrier disruption via claudin-2 and cellular metabolism via AMPK in airway epithelial Calu-3 cells. The effects of HMGB1 contribute to TGF-β signaling and EW-7197 shows potential for use in therapy for HMGB1-induced airway inflammation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.113

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: Transcription factor Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) plays critical roles in the progression of cancer including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of this study is to characterize the regulatory mechanisms of FOXM1 in EMT via pancreatic cancer metabolism. METHODS: We investigated the regulation of EMT via mitochondrial respiration by FOXM1 using pancreatic cancer cell lines HPAC and PANC-1 and normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells. RESULTS: Forkhead box protein M1 and Snail were strongly expressed in HPAC and PANC-1. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-modulated claudin-1 level was lower in PANC-1 than in HPAC. In both cell lines in low-glucose medium, FOXM1 and Snail were decreased and claudin-1 was increased. Knockdown of FOXM1 increased claudin-1 and decreased Snail in both cell lines. Low-glucose medium and downregulation of FOXM1 inhibited the cell migration in both cell lines. In both cell lines, mitochondrial respiration was at higher levels in low-glucose medium than in high-glucose medium. Downregulation of FOXM1 induced mitochondrial respiration in high-glucose medium. In normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells, FOXM1 and Snail were low and claudin-1 was highly expressed, whereas overexpression of FOXM1 decreased claudin-1. CONCLUSIONS: Glucose-dependent FOXM1 promoted EMT via Snail and pancreatic cancer metabolism.

DOI： 10.1097/MPA.0000000000001485

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Epithelial integrity and barrier function are maintained during cytokinesis in vertebrate epithelial tissues. The changes in localization and the roles of tricellular tight junction molecule lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) during cytokinesis are not well known, although new tricellular tight junctions form at the flank of the midbody during cytokinesis. In this study, we investigated the changes in localization and the role of LSR at the midbody and centrosome during cytokinesis using human endometrial carcinoma cell line Sawano, comparing the tricellular tight junction molecule tricellulin; bicellular tight junction molecules occludin, claudin-7, zonula occludens-1, and cingulin; and the epithelial polarized related molecules apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2, PAR3, and yes-associated protein. During cytokinesis induced by treatment with taxol, the epithelial barrier was maintained and the tricellular tight junction molecules LSR and tricellulin were concentrated at the flank of the acetylated tubulin-positive midbody and in γ-tubulin-positive centrosomes with the dynein adaptor Hook2, whereas the other molecules were localized there as well. All the molecules disappeared by knockdown using small interfering RNAs. Furthermore, by the knockdown of Hook2, the epithelial barrier was maintained and most of the molecules disappeared from the centrosome. These findings suggest that LSR may play crucial roles not only in barrier function but also in cytokinesis.

DOI： 10.1369/0022155419886263

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR)/angulin-1 is a crucial molecule of tricellular contacts in the epithelial barrier of normal cells and the malignancy of cancer cells. To investigate whether LSR/angulin-1 affects the epithelial barrier and malignancy in human pancreatic cancer, human pancreatic cancer cell line HPAC was used. Treatment with EGF or TGF-β increased the expression of LSR, but not tricellulin (TRIC), and induced the localization of LSR and TRIC to bicellular tight junctions from tricellular tight junctions. TGF-β receptor type-1 inhibitor EW-7197 prevented changes of the distribution and the barrier function of LSR by TGF-β. Knockdown of LSR increased cell migration, invasion, proliferation and EGF ligand amphiregulin expression and decreased the epithelial barrier. Treatment with amphiregulin induced cell migration and invasion and knockdown of amphiregulin prevented the increases of cell migration, invasion and proliferation caused by knockdown of LSR. Treatment with LSR ligand peptide angubindin-1 decreased the epithelial barrier and the expression of LSR, but not TRIC, and increased cell invasion. Knockdown of TRIC decreased cell migration and the epithelial barrier. In immunohistochemical analysis of human pancreatic cancer tissues, LSR and TRIC were found to be localized at the cell membranes of normal pancreatic ducts and well-differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), whereas in poorly differentiated PDAC, LSR was weakly detected in the cytoplasm. Amphiregulin was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of well- and poorly differentiated PDAC. In pancreatic cancer, LSR contributes to the epithelial barrier and malignancy via growth factors and may be a potential targeting molecule in the therapy.

DOI： 10.1007/s00418-019-01821-4

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Angulin-1/LSR is a tricellular tight junction molecule, that plays an important role in maintaining the epithelial and endothelial barriers. The actin cytoskeleton at tricellular contacts also contributes to the maintenance of the epithelial barrier. Loss of angulin-1/LSR enhances the migration of various cancer cells. Angubindin-1 is a novel binder to angulin-1/LSR and angulin-3. It is a peptide generated from the angulin-1 binding site of Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, which affects the actin cytoskeleton and decreases the epithelial and endothelial barrier functions. However, its regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of the epithelial barrier dysfunction and cell migration induction by angubindin-1, we used human endometrial cancer cell line Sawano, which has high LSR expression and the epithelial barrier function. Angubindin-1 decreased LSR expression and the epithelial barrier function and increased cell migration. It inhibited the recovery of the epithelial barrier function in a Ca-switch model. At tricellular contacts, sinking of the membrane and an increase of actin fibers near the junctions were caused by angubindin-1. It dynamically changed F-actin from lines to dot-like structures at tricellular contacts. Angubindin-1 transiently increased the phosphorylation of cofilin and JNK, which are involved in the regulation of the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, knockdown of JNK and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 prevented the decrease of the epithelial barrier function and the increase of cell migration induced by angubindin-1. These findings suggest that angubindin-1 might reversibly regulate the epithelial barrier and cell migration at tricellular contacts via JNK/cofilin/actin cytoskeleton dynamics.

DOI： 10.1080/21688370.2019.1695475

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：東北連合産科婦人科学会・北日本産科婦人科学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Maintaining a robust epithelial barrier requires the accumulation of tight junction proteins, LSR/angulin-1 and tricellulin, at the tricellular contacts. Alterations in the localization of these proteins temporarily cause epithelial barrier dysfunction, which is closely associated with not only physiological differentiation but also cancer progression and metastasis. In normal human endometrial tissues, the endometrial cells undergo repeated proliferation and differentiation under physiological conditions. Recent observations have revealed that the localization and expression of LSR/angulin-1 and tricellulin are altered in a menstrual cycle-dependent manner. Moreover, it has been shown that endometrial cancer progression affects these alterations. This review highlights the differences in the localization and expression of tight junction proteins in normal endometrial cells and endometrial cancers and how they cause functional changes in cells.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms20143555

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Primary cilia, regulated via distinct signal transduction pathways, play crucial roles in various cellular behaviors. However, the full regulatory mechanism involved in primary cilia development during cellular differentiation is not fully understood, particularly for the sensory hair cells of the mammalian cochlea. In this study, we investigated the effects of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 and PKCα inhibitor GF109203X on primary cilia-related cell behavior in undifferentiated and differentiated temperature-sensitive mouse cochlear precursor hair cells (the conditionally immortalized US/VOT-E36 cell line). Our results indicate that treatment with Y27632 or GF109203X induced primary cilia elongation and tubulin acetylation in both differentiated and undifferentiated cells. Concomitant with cilia elongation, Y27632 treatment also increased Hook2 and cyclinD1 expression, while only Hook2 expression was increased after treatment with GF109203X. In the undifferentiated cells, we observed an increase in the number of S and G2/M stage cells and a decrease of G1 cells after treatment with Y27632, while the opposite was observed after treatment with GF109203X. Finally, while both treatments decreased oxidative stress, only treatment with Y27632, not GF109203X, induced cell cycle-dependent cell proliferation and cell migration.

DOI： 10.1369/0022155419841013

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632, which is a factor in conditional reprogramming culture, induces airway progenitor clone formation. To investigate whether Y27632 enhances airway progenitor cells in nasal epithelium, primary cultures of HNECs transfected with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT-HNECs) were treated with Y27632. In TERT-HNECs treated with Y27632 for 5 days, upregulation of p63, gap junction molecules Cx26, Cx30, Cx43, cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP39A1, CYP4B1, CYP2G1P, CYP4Z1, and KLF families KLF10 and KLF11 were observed compared to the control. Downregulation of tight junction molecules claudin-4, -7, and -23 was observed. Circumfential submembrane F-actin was also induced. The functions of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and the epithelial barrier were upregulated. Knockdown of p63 by siRNAs of TAp63 or ΔNp63 inhibited Cx26, Cx43 and CYP2C18, and induced claudin-1, and -4. Knockdown of KLF11 prevented p63 expression and enhancement of the epithelial barrier function by Y27632. In nasal mucosal tissues from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), localized alteration of p63, KLF11, RhoA, Cx30 and claudin-4 was observed. Treatment with Y27632 in long-term culture induced airway progenitor cells via KLF11 in p63-positive human nasal epithelium. Airway progenitor cells of nasal epithelium induced by Y27632 is important in understanding upper airway disease-specific characteristics.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms driving fibrosis in the submandibular glands (SMG) of patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Immunohistochemistry showed that many fibroblast-like cells expressing IL-6, IL-18, TSLP, IL-33, and MMP1 were present in SMG from the affected patients. SMG fibroblasts were derived from patients with or without IgG4-RD and were cultured in vitro. Expression of IL-6, IL-18, TSLP, IL-33 and MMP1, the secretion of IL-6 and G2/M phase were upregulated in the fibroblasts from the affected patients. By treatment with inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα or TGF-β after treatment with or without the NF-κB inhibitor curcumin, curucumin blocked the production and secretion of IL-6 upregulated by IL-1β, TNFα, or TNFα/TGF-β in all fibroblasts. Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1), which can enhance fibroblasts proliferation, was also more abundantly expressed in affected fibroblasts, while treatment with IL-6 induced WISP1, treatment with WISP1 increased the G2/M phase, and curucumin inhibited WISP1 induced by TNFα/TGF-β in unaffected fibroblasts. IL-33 in affected fibroblasts was induced by IL-1β, TNFα, or TNFα/TGF-β, while the effect of IL-1β or TNFα/TGF-β was blocked by curcumin. These results suggest fibrosis in the SMG of affected patients is closely linked to the proliferation of fibroblasts following induction of IL-6 and WISP1 by inflammatory cytokines. The Th2 cytokines TSLP and IL-33 are also upregulated in affected SMG, and thus may cause chronic inflammation and IgG4 accumulation.

DOI： 10.1007/s10735-018-9796-x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Guanylate-binding protein-1 (GBP-1) is an interferon-inducible large GTPase involved in the epithelial barrier at tight junctions. To investigate the role of GBP-1 in the epithelial barrier, primary human salivary gland duct epithelial cells were treated with the the proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ, IL-1β, TNFα and the growth factor TGF-β. Treatment with IFNγ, IL-1β, or TNFα markedly enhanced GBP-1 and the epithelial barrier function, and induced not only CLDN-7 but also the tricellular tight junction molecule lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR). Knockdown of GBP-1 by its siRNA induced endocytosis of tight junction molecules, and prevented the increases of CLDN-7 and LSR with the upregulation of the epithelial barrier function induced by treatment with IFNγ or TNFα. Treatment with a PKCα inhibitor induced expression of GBP-1, CLDN-7 and LSR and enhanced the epithelial barrier function. In almost intact salivary gland ducts from patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) indicated significant infiltration of IgG-positive plasma cells, expression of GBP-1, CLDN-7 and LSR was increased. These findings indicated that GBP-1 might play a crucial role in barrier function of normal human salivary gland duct epithelium and perform a preventive role in the duct epithelium of IgG4-RD disease.

DOI： 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.033

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記述言語：英語  

Web of Science

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本病理学会  

医中誌

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is a novel molecule present at tricellular contacts which recruits tricellulin (TRIC), a molecular component of tricellular tight junctions (tTJs). LSR and TRIC are colocalized with the bicellular tight junction (bTJ) protein claudin (CLDN)-1-based tight junction strands at tricellular corners. Knockdown of LSR in normal epithelial cells affects tTJ formation and the epithelial barrier function. In cancer cells knockdown of LSR has been demonstrated to increase cell invasion. However, the detailed mechanisms of how the downregulation of LSR enhances cell invasion in cancer remain unclear. In the present study, knockdown of LSR by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in Sawano human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells induced cell invasion. In LSR-knockdown Sawano cells, upregulation of CLDN-1 protein, which contributes to the cell invasion via matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), was observed compared with the control group by western blotting and immunostaining. Knockdown of LSR significantly induced Sp1 transcription factor activity in the CLDN-1 promoter region. In LSR-knockdown Sawano cells, DNA microarray analysis demonstrated that MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-10 mRNA levels were increased, and the protein levels of membrane-type 1-MMP, MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-10 were shown to be increased on western blots. Knockdown of CLDN-1 with siRNA prevented the upregulation of cell invasion induced by the knockdown of LSR in Sawano cells. On the invasive front of human endometrial carcinoma tissue samples, a decrease in LSR and increase in CLDN-1 protein levels were observed using immunohistochemical methods. In conclusion, the results indicate that the downregulation of LSR promotes cell invasion of human endometrial cancer via CLDN-1 mediation of MMPs. This mechanism is important for studying the association of tTJs with the cellular invasion of cancer.

DOI： 10.3892/ol.2017.7038

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：生命科学系学会合同年次大会運営事務局  

医中誌

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

P63 is a regulator of cell-cell junction complexes in the epidermis. Claudin-4 is regulated via various factors in normal epithelial cells and diseases. We found that claudin-4 was directly regulated via p63 (TAp63 and ΔNp63) in human keratinocytes and nasal epithelial cells. In the epidermis of atopic dermatitis (AD), which contains ΔNp63-deficient keratinocytes, high expression of claudin-4 was observed. In primary keratinocytes, downregulation of ΔNp63 by treatment with short interfering RNA (siRNA)-p63 induced claudin-4 expression. In nasal epithelial cells in the context of rhinitis or nasal polyps, upregulation of TAp63 and downregulation of claudin-4 were observed. In primary nasal epithelial cells transfected with the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene, knockdown of p63 by siRNAs induced claudin-4 expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that p63 is a negative regulator of claudin-4 expression. Understanding the regulation of claudin-4 via p63 in human epithelial cells may be important for developing therapies for allergies and drug delivery systems.

DOI： 10.1111/nyas.13456

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Disruption of nasal epithelial tight junctions (TJs) and ciliary dysfunction are found in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and nasal polyps (NPs), along with an increase of p63-positive basal cells and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. To investigate these mechanisms, primary cultures of HNECs transfected with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT-HNECs) were transfected with siRNAs of TAp63 and ΔNp63, treated with the NF-kB inhibitor curucumin and inhibitors of HDACs, and infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In TERT-HNECs, knockdown of p63 by siRNAs of TAp63 and ΔNp63, induced claudin-1 and -4 with Sp1 activity and enhanced barrier and fence functions. The knockdown of p63 enhanced the number of microvilli with the presence of cilia-like structures. Treatment with curcumin and inhibitors of HDACs, or infection with RSV prevented expression of p63 with an increase of claudin-4 and the number of microvilli. The knockdown or downregulation of p63 inhibited phospho-p38MAPK, and the p38MAPK inhibitor downregulated p63 and upregulated the barrier function. Thus, epithelial barrier and ciliogenesis of nasal epithelium are regulated in a p63-negative manner in normal and upper airway diseases. Understanding of the regulation of p63/p38 MAPK/NF-κB may be important in the therapy for airway allergy and its drug delivery system.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-017-11481-w

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本細胞生物学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本病理学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is a unique molecule of tricellular contacts of normal and cancer cells. We investigated how the loss of LSR induced cell migration, invasion and proliferation in endometrial cancer cell line Sawano. mRNAs of amphiregulin (AREG) and TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1) were markedly upregulated by siRNA-LSR. In endometrial cancer tissues, downregulation of LSR and upregulation of AREG were observed together with malignancy, and Yes-associated protein (YAP) was present in the nuclei. siRNA-AREG prevented the cell migration and invasion induced by siRNA-LSR, whereas treatment with AREG induced cell migration and invasion. LSR was colocalized with TRIC, angiomotin (AMOT), Merlin and phosphorylated YAP (pYAP). siRNA-LSR increased expression of pYAP and decreased that of AMOT and Merlin. siRNA-YAP prevented expression of the mRNAs of AREG and TEAD1, and the cell migration and invasion induced by siRNA-LSR. Treatment with dobutamine and 2-deoxy-D-glucose and glucose starvation induced the pYAP expression and prevented the cell migration and invasion induced by siRNA-LSR. siRNA-AMOT decreased the Merlin expression and prevented the cell migration and invasion induced by siRNA-LSR. The loss of LSR promoted cell invasion and migration via upregulation of TEAD1/AREG dependent on YAP/pYAP and AMOT/Merlin in human endometrial cancer cells.

DOI： 10.1038/srep37049

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: Intranasal insulin administration has therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease and in intranasal administration across the nasal mucosa, the paracellular pathway regulated by tight junctions is important. The C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) binds the tight junction protein claudin and disrupts the tight junctional barrier without a cytotoxic effect. The C-CPE mutant called C-CPE 194 binds only to claudin-4, whereas the C-CPE 194 mutant called C-CPE m19 binds not only to claudin-4 but also to claudin-1. METHODS: In the present study, to investigate the effects of C-CPE mutants on the tight junctional functions of human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and on the permeability of human recombinant insulin across the cells, HNECs were treated with C-CPE 194 and C-CPE m19. RESULTS: C-CPE 194 and C-CPE m19 disrupted the barrier and fence functions without changes in expression of claudin-1, -4, -7, and occludin or cytotoxicity, whereas they transiently increased the activity of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The disruption of the barrier function caused by C-CPE 194 and C-CPE m19 was prevented by pretreatment with the MAPKK inhibitor U0126. Furthermore, C-CPE 194 and C-CPE m19 significantly enhanced the permeability of human recombinant insulin across HNECs and the permeability was also inhibited by U0126. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that C-CPE mutants 194 and m19 can regulate the permeability of insulin across HNECs via the MAPK pathway and may play a crucial role in therapy for the diseases such as Alzheimer's disease via the direct intranasal insulin administration.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), which belongs to the IgG superfamily, is a tight junction molecule associated with epithelial and endothelial barrier function. Overexpression of JAM-A is also closely associated with invasion and metastasis of cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. However, little is known about the mechanism in overexpression of JAM-A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, we found high expression of JAM-A at the protein and mRNA levels in HNSCC tissues, including those of the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx, together with high protein expression of β-catenin, p63, ΔNp63 and GATA-3. Furthermore, in ELISA, a significant increase of soluble JAM-A in the sera of HNSCC patients was observed compared to healthy subjects. Knockdown of JAM-A by siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration in the HNSCC cell line Detroit562 in vitro. JAM-A expression in Detroit562 was increased via a distinct signal transduction pathway including NF-κB. Expression of JAM-A, β-catenin, p63 and ΔNp63 in Detroit562 was decreased under hypoxia. Knockdown of p63, ΔNp63 or GATA-3 by siRNAs reduced JAM-A expression in Detroit562. In primary cultured HNSCC cells in which CK7, p63, ΔNp63 and GATA-3 were detected, JAM-A expression was decreased by knockdown of p63 or ΔNp63. These results indicate that JAM-A is a biomarker of malignancy in HNSCC and that plasma soluble JAM-A may contribute to serum-based diagnosis of HNSCC. The mechanism of dysregulation of JAM-A via p63/GATA-3 is important in possible molecular targeted therapy for HNSCC.

DOI： 10.18632/oncotarget.8432

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本婦人科腫瘍学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) has been identified as a novel molecular constituent of tricellular contacts that have a barrier function for the cellular sheet. LSR recruits tricellulin (TRIC), which is the first molecular component of tricellular tight junctions. Knockdown of LSR increases cell motility and invasion of certain cancer cells. However, the behavior and the roles of LSR in endometrial cancer remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the behavior and roles of LSR in normal and endometrial cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. In endometriosis and endometrial cancer, LSR was observed not only in the subapical region but also throughout the lateral region as well as in normal endometrial epithelial cells in the secretory phase, and LSR in the cancer was reduced in correlation with the malignancy. Knockdown of LSR by the siRNA in cells of the endometrial cancer cell line Sawano, induced cell migration, invasion and proliferation, while TRIC relocalized from the tricellular region to the bicellular region at the membrane. In Sawano cells and normal HEEs, a decrease of LSR induced by leptin and an increase of LSR induced by adiponectin and the drugs for type 2 diabetes metformin and berberine were observed via distinct signaling pathways including JAK2/STAT. In Sawano cells, metformin and berberine prevented cell migration and invasion induced by downregulation of LSR by the siRNA and leptin treatment. The dissection of the mechanism in the downregulation of endometrial LSR during obesity is important in developing new diagnostic and therapy for endometrial cancer.

DOI： 10.18632/oncotarget.8408

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), which belongs to the IgG superfamily, is one of the tight junction molecules. JAM-A is dysregulated in various cancers and is closely associated with the invasion and metastasis of cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we found a high expression of JAM-A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as well as β-catenin in immunohistochemistry. The expression of JAM-A and β-catenin was of a low level in differentiation-induced cancer pearl regions of HNSCC. Real-time PCR showed the high expression of JAM-A mRNA through all differentiated stages (well, moderate, poor) of HNSCC. When we performed ELISA using the serum of HNSCC patients to measure plasma-soluble JAM-A, it was found to be higher in HNSCC patients than healthy subjects. These results indicate that JAM-A is one of the malignancy markers of HNSCC as well as β-catenin in histopathology, and the plasma-soluble JAM-A may contribute to a serum diagnosis of HNSCC. JAM-A is a promising molecular target for diagnosis and therapy in HNSCC.

DOI： 10.1159/000441881

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) modulates the tight junction protein claudin and disrupts the tight junctional barrier. It also can enhance the effectiveness of anticancer agents. However, the detailed mechanisms of the effects of C-CPE remain unclear in both normal and cancerous cells. The C-CPE mutant called C-CPE 194 binds only to claudin-4, but the C-CPE 194 mutant called C-CPE m19 binds not only to claudin-4 but also to claudin-1. In the present study, to investigate the mechanisms of the effects of C-CPE on claudin expression, the tight junctional functions and the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents, human pancreatic cancer cells, and normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells (HPDEs) were treated with C-CPE 194 and C-CPE m19. In well-differentiated cells of the pancreatic cancer cell line HPAC, C-CPE 194 and C-CPE m19 disrupted both the barrier and fence functions without changes in expression of claudin-1 and -4, together with an increase of MAPK phosphorylation. C-CPE 194, but not C-CPE m19, enhanced the cytotoxicity of the anticancer agents gemcitabine and S-1. In poorly differentiated pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1, C-CPE 194, but not C-CPE m19, decreased claudin-4 expression and enhanced MAPK activity and the cytotoxicity of the anticancer agents. In normal HPDEs, C-CPE 194 and C-CPE m19 decreased claudin-4 expression and enhanced the MAPK activity, whereas they did not affect the cytotoxicity of the anticancer agents. Our findings suggest that the claudin-4 binder C-CPE 194 enhances effects of anticancer agents on pancreatic cancer cell lines via a MAPK pathway.

DOI： 10.1002/prp2.196

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本生化学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) are important in the tight junctional barrier and innate immune defense protecting against pathogens invading via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate expression of tight junctions as direct or indirect targeting genes and maintain the barrier function. However, the roles of miRNAs in the epithelial barrier of HNECs via TLRs remain unknown. In the present study, to investigate the effects of miRNAs on the epithelial barrier of HNECs via TLRs, primary cultured HNECs transfected with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT-HNECs), were treated with the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C) and miRNA array analysis was performed. In the miRNA array of the cells treated with poly(I:C), upregulation of miR-187, -146a, -574, -4274, -4433, -4455 and -4750, and downregulation of miR-4785 by more than twofold compared to the control were observed. When control HNECs were treated with mimics and inhibitors of these miRNAs, an miR-146a mimic induced expression of tight junction proteins claudin-1, occludin and JAM-A together with an increase of the epithelial barrier function. The poly(I:C)-induced miR-146a was regulated via the distinct TLR3-mediated signal pathways PI3K, JNK and NF-κB. Furthermore, the miR-146a mimic prevented downregulation of claudin-1 and JAM-A and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α induced by poly(I:C) by targeting TRAF6. These findings indicate that, in HNECs, miRNA-146a plays crucial roles in maintenance of the tight junction barrier and innate immune defense protecting against invading pathogens.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.031

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本婦人科腫瘍学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本細胞生物学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本細胞生物学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), known as a stress-activated protein kinase, regulates normal epithelial biological processes, including assembly of adherens and tight junctions, and it is involved in the development of several cancers. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 enhances epithelial barrier function through modulation of tight junction molecules in normal human pancreatic epithelial cells. Furthermore, this JNK inhibitor suppresses the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells. However, the effects of SP600125 on the epithelial barrier in human pancreatic cancer cells remain unknown. In the present study, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 markedly enhanced the barrier function and cell elongation of well-differentiated human pancreatic cancer cell line HPAC in a Ca-switch model. The epithelial barrier function induced by SP600125 was regulated by phosphorylated β-catenin without changes in the tight junction molecules. The cell elongation induced by SP600125 was closely related to the expression of the F-actin-binding protein DrebrinE. These findings suggest that JNK is involved in the regulation of the epithelial barrier function and cell shape during remodeling of pancreatic cancer cells. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 may have potential as a therapeutic drug for pancreatic cancer via induction of differentiation.

DOI： 10.1007/s00418-014-1300-4

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Staurosporine (STS) has been known as a classic protein kinase C inhibitor and is a broad-spectrum inhibitor targeting over 250 protein kinases. In this study, we observed that STS treatment induced drastic morphologic changes, such as elongation of a very large number of nonbranched, actin-based long cell protrusions that reached up to 30 µm in an hour without caspase activation or PARP cleavage in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. These cell protrusions were elongated not only from the free cell edge but also from the cell-cell junctions. The elongation of STS-dependent protrusions was required for ATP hydrolysis and was dependent on myosin-X and fascin but independent of Cdc42 and VASP. Interestingly, in the presence of an actin polymerization inhibitor, namely, cytochalasin D, latrunculin A, or jasplakinolide, STS treatment induced excess tubulin polymerization, which resulted in the formation of many extra-long microtubule (MT)-based protrusions toward the outside of the cell. The unique MT-based protrusions were thick and linear compared with the STS-induced filaments or stationary filopodia. These protrusions, which were composed of microtubules, have been scarcely observed in cultured non-neuronal cells. Taken together, our findings revealed that STS-sensitive kinases are essential for the maintenance of normal cell morphology, and a common unidentified molecular mechanism is involved in the formation of the following two different types of protrusions: actin-based filaments and MT-based shafts.

DOI： 10.1124/mol.114.096982

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The airway epithelium of the human nasal mucosa acts as the first physical barrier that protects against inhaled substances and pathogens. Irsogladine maleate (IM) is an enhancer of gastric mucosal protective factors via upregulation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). GJIC is thought to participate in the formation of functional tight junctions. However, the effects of IM on GJIC and the epithelial barrier in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) remain unknown. To investigate the effects of IM on GJIC and the tight junctional barrier in HNECs, primary cultures of HNECs transfected with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT-HNECs) were treated with IM and the GJIC inhibitors oleamide and 18β-GA. Some cells were pretreated with IM before treatment with TLR3 ligand poly(I:C) to examine whether IM prevented the changes via TLR3-mediated signal pathways. In hTERT-HNECs, GJIC blockers reduced the expression of tight junction molecules claudin-1, -4, -7, occludin, tricellulin, and JAM-A. IM induced GJIC activity and enhanced the expression of claudin-1, -4, and JAM-A at the protein and mRNA levels with an increase of barrier function. GJIC blockers prevented the increase of the tight junction proteins induced by IM. Furthermore, IM prevented the reduction of JAM-A but not induction of IL-8 and TNF-α induced by poly(I:C). In conclusion, IM can maintain the GJIC-dependent tight junctional barrier via regulation of GJIC in upper airway nasal epithelium. Therefore, it is possible that IM may be useful as a nasal spray to prevent the disruption of the epithelial barrier by viral infections and exposure to allergens in human nasal mucosa.

DOI： 10.1007/s00232-015-9774-0

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Pancreatic cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and there is an urgent need to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to reduce the mortality of patients with this disease. In pancreatic cancer, some tight junction proteins, including claudins, are abnormally regulated and therefore are promising molecular targets for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Claudin-4 and -18 are overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer and its precursor lesions. Claudin-4 is a high affinity receptor of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE). The cytotoxic effects of CPE and monoclonal antibodies against claudin-4 are useful as novel therapeutic tools for pancreatic cancer. Claudin-18 could be a putative marker and therapeutic target with prognostic implications for patients with pancreatic cancer. Claudin-1, -7, tricellulin and marvelD3 are involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pancreatic cancer cells and thus might be useful as biomarkers during disease. Protein kinase C is closely related to EMT of pancreatic cancer and regulates tight junctions of normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells and the cancer cells. This review focuses on the regulation of tight junctions via protein kinase C during EMT in human pancreatic cancer for the purpose of developing new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for pancreatic cancer.

DOI： 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10813

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.14670/HH-28.1383

PubMed

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Tight junctions of the pancreatic duct are essential regulators of physiologic secretion of the pancreas and disruption of the pancreatic ductal barrier is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and progression of pancreatic cancer. Various inflammatory mediators and carcinogens can trigger tight junction disassembly and disruption of the pancreatic barrier, however signaling events that mediates such barrier dysfunctions remain poorly understood. This review focuses on structure and regulation of tight junctions in normal pancreatic epithelial cells and mechanisms of junctional disruption during pancreatic inflammation and cancer. We will pay special attention to a novel model of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-transfected human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells and will describe the roles of major signaling molecules such as protein kinase C and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in formation and disassembly of the pancreatic ductal barrier.

DOI： 10.4161/tisb.24894

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本婦人科腫瘍学会  

医中誌

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本細胞生物学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本病理学会  

医中誌

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本病理学会  

医中誌

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