Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the association between the use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools, such as mobile voice calling, e-mail, and video calling, and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: For the 220 included participants aged ≥65 years, baseline surveys conducted from 2017 to 2018 assessed demographics. Additionally, cognitive function domains were evaluated using the Word List Memory Task, Trail Making Test, and Symbol Digit Substitution Task on a tablet PC. Later, in 2021, follow-up mail surveys assessed the use of ICT tools, including mobile voice calling, e-mail, and video calling. RESULTS: Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models revealed that a higher Symbol Digit Substitution Task score was significantly associated with the use of mobile voice calling (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.13), e-mail (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.15), and video calling (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.003-1.09) after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS:  This study's findings suggest that processing speed may be related to the use of the three ICT tools assessed in this study among community-dwelling older adults, regardless of tool type. The use of these ICT tools may be challenging for older adults with decreased processing speed. Therefore, preventive interventions should include early recognition of the decline in processing speed and implementation of strategies to compensate for reduced processing speed, such as simplifying processes and habituation procedures, to enable the use of ICT tools by older adults.

DOI： 10.7759/cureus.79188

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Background/Objectives: Unilateral hand movements alter the excitability of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (ipsi-M1) and contralateral spinal motoneurons. Although this excitability increases during complex, high muscle-activity movements, few studies have examined the excitability of ipsi-M1 and contralateral spinal motoneurons during complex movements while accounting for muscle activity. This study investigated the excitability of ipsi-M1 and contralateral spinal motoneurons during complex and simple movement tasks with comparable muscle activity between the two tasks. Methods: Nineteen healthy adult volunteers participated in this study. The ball rotation task was set as the complex movement task (BR condition), and the grasping task was set as the simple movement task (grasp condition), with peak muscle activity values comparable between the tasks. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and F-waves were recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle contralateral to the movement during task execution. The excitability parameters of ipsi-M1 and contralateral spinal motoneurons were calculated by dividing the MEP, F-wave persistence, and F/M amplitude values recorded in each condition by the corresponding values recorded at rest. These parameters were compared across the rest, BR, and grasp conditions. Results: All the excitability parameters of ipsi-M1 and contralateral spinal motoneurons increased during both the BR and grasp conditions compared with the rest condition but did not differ significantly between the BR and grasp conditions. Conclusions: The excitability of ipsi-M1 and contralateral spinal motoneurons was strongly influenced by the amount of muscle activity but not by the complexity of the movement.

DOI： 10.3390/brainsci15020171

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Korean Geriatrics Society  

DOI： 10.4235/agmr.24.0117

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Self-disclosure is the attitude of communicating one’s experiences and condition to others and is an indicator of mental health and an open personality. Frailty, characterized by reduced physical and psychological resistance, predicts the incidence of dependency and mortality. Although low self-disclosure may be associated with frailty, there is no scale to measure older adults’ self-disclosure. This cross-sectional study assessed the validity of a self-assessment self-disclosure questionnaire and examined the association between the content of self-disclosures to friends and acquaintances and frailty among community-dwelling older adults. A total of 237 adults aged ≥65 in Japan were surveyed using a mailed self-administered questionnaire in 2021. The self-disclosure scale consisted of 10 items and showed adequate validity. Participants were classified into a robust group (n = 117, women 57.3%) and a frailty group (n = 120, women 73.3%) using the Kihon Checklist. After adjusting for covariates, multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models revealed frailty was associated with lower self-disclosure of recent positive events, motivation and strengths (indicating strong points) in life, relationships with family and relatives, experiences of work and social activities, and financial status. The proposed questionnaire must still be further tested in other populations, but our initial results may contribute to preventing frailty and improving mental health among community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.3390/geriatrics9030067

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)医学書院  

Ichushi

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Beta frequency oscillations originating from the primary motor cortex increase in amplitude following the initiation of voluntary movement, a process termed beta rebound. The strength of beta rebound has been reported to predict the recovery of motor function following stroke, suggesting therapeutic applications of beta rebound modulation. The present study examined the effect of 20 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on the beta rebound induced by self-paced voluntary movement. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) and electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from 16 healthy adults during voluntary movements performed before and after active or sham tACS. There was no significant change in average beta rebound after active tACS. However, the beta rebound amplitude was significantly enhanced in a subset of participants, and the magnitude of the increase across all participants was negatively correlated with the difference between individual peak beta frequency and tACS frequency. Thus, matching the stimulus frequency of tACS with individual beta frequency may facilitate therapeutic enhancement for motor rehabilitation.

DOI： 10.3390/brainsci14010074

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The Go/NoGo task requires attention and sensory processing to distinguish a motor action cue or 'Go stimulus' from a 'NoGo stimulus' requiring no action, as well as motor preparation for a rapid Go stimulus response. The neural activity mediating these response phases can be examined non-invasively by measuring specific event-related brain potentials (ERPs) using electroencephalography. However, it is critical to determine how different task conditions, such as the relationship between attention site and movement site, influence ERPs and task performance. In this study, we compared attention-associated ERP components N140 and P300, the performance metrics reaction time (RT) and accuracy (%Error) and movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) between Go/NoGo task trials in which attention target and movement site were the same (right index finger movement in response to right index finger stimulation) or different (right index finger movement in response to fifth finger stimulation). In other Count trials, participants kept a running count of target stimuli presented but did not initiate a motor response. The N140 amplitudes at electrode site Cz were significantly larger in Movement trials than in Count trials regardless of the stimulation site-movement site condition. In contrast, the P300 amplitude at Cz was significantly smaller in Movement trials than in Count trials. The temporal windows of N140 and P300 overlapped with the MRCP. This superposition may influence N140 and P300 through summation, possibly independent of changes in attentional allocation.

DOI： 10.3390/brainsci14010038

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

INTRODUCTION: During voluntary muscle contraction, the amplitude of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) is reduced by inhibiting sensory information from a peripheral nerve supplying the contracted muscle. This phenomenon is called "gating." We reported that participants with good motor skills indicated strong suppression of somatosensory information. The present study investigated the effects of motor performance improvement following repetitive practice on the SEP amplitude. METHODS: The ball rotation task (BR task) was practiced by 15 healthy participants repetitively. SEPs were recorded before (pre) and after (post) repetitive practice. RESULTS: The BR task performance was significantly improved and the required muscle activation to perform the task was significantly reduced after the repetitive practice. The degree of gating was not significant between pre and post- for the SEP amplitude. A significant correlation was found between changes in SEP amplitude from pre to post and performance improvement. DISCUSSION: After repetitive practice, the degree of gating did not change, but the performance of the BR task improved, and the muscle activity required for the BR task decreased. These results suggest that repetitive practice does not change the degree of gating but changes the mechanism of gating. Furthermore, they indicate that suppression of the somatosensory area may play a role in improving task performance.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1131986

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Somatosensory cues and the optimal allocation of attentional resources are critical for motor performance, but it is uncertain how movement of a body part modulates directed attention and the processing of somatosensory signals originating from that same body part. The current study measured motor reaction time (RT) and the P300 event-related potential during a required movement response to stimulation of the same body part in a Go/NoGo task under multiple response. In the Movement Condition, participants were instructed to extend their right index finger in response to mild electrical stimulation of the same finger (Go signal) or remain still when receiving electrical stimulation to the fifth right finger (NoGo signal). Movement RTs and P300 amplitudes and latencies were measured under varying Go signal 50% probabilities. In other trial blocks, participants were required to count Go signals but not respond with movement or to ignore all signals while engaged in an unrelated task. Mean RT in the Movement Condition was 234.5 ms. P300 response amplitudes at midline electrodes (Fz, Cz, Pz) were the largest in the Movement Condition. The P300 amplitude at parietal electrode site Pz was significantly greater during Movement Condition trials than during Count Condition trials. The increase in P300 amplitude during trials requiring movement of the same body part receiving somatosensory stimulation suggests that movement itself modulates the attentional resources allocated to that body part.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1178509

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

During voluntary muscle contraction, sensory information induced by electrostimulation of the nerves supplying the contracting muscle is inhibited and the amplitude of the corresponding somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) decreases. This phenomenon is called "gating." The reduction of the SEP amplitude is reportedly significantly larger when task performance is high. However, the relationship between dexterous movement skills and gating remains unclear. In this study, we investigated through a ball rotation (BR) task how dexterous movement skills affect the SEP amplitudes. Thirty healthy subjects performed the BR task comprising the rotation of two wooden balls as quickly as possible. We estimated the median number of ball rotations for each participant and classified the participants into two (fast and slow) groups based on the results. Moreover, we recorded SEPs, while the subjects performed BR tasks or rested. SEP amplitude reduction (P45) was significantly larger in the fast than in the slow group. We also observed that the P45 amplitude during the BR task was attenuated even more so in the case of the participants with better dexterous movement skills. Our results suggest that the participants with better dexterous movement skills might display stronger somatosensory information suppression because of increasing the motor cortex activity and the afferent input during the BR task.

DOI： 10.1007/s00221-022-06439-y

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The employment rate of older people in Japan is expected to increase in the future owing to the increase in the retirement age. Preventing frailty is imperative to maintaining productive roles of older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between productive roles and frailty factors among community-dwelling older adults. A total of 135 older adults, enrolled in 2017, participated in the study. Productive roles and domains related to frailty were measured. We measured usual gait speed and grip strength for the physical domain; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) scores for the cognitive and mental domains; and social role and group activity for the social domain. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models revealed that having productive roles was associated with faster usual gait speed (odds ratios [OR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.08; p = 0.005) and lower GDS-15 score (OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97; p = 0.023). These results suggest that health promotion to maintain gait speed and prevent depressive symptoms may contribute to maintaining productivity in community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph191710838

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We investigated the relationship between attentional resources and pedaling cadence using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure P300 amplitudes and latencies. Twenty-five healthy volunteers performed the oddball task while pedaling on a stationary bike or relaxing (i.e., no pedaling). We set them four conditions, namely, (1) performing only the oddball task (i.e., control), (2) performing the oddball task while pedaling at optimal cadence (i.e., optimal), (3) performing the oddball task while pedaling faster than optimal cadence (i.e., fast), and (4) performing the oddball task while pedaling slower than optimal cadence (i.e., slow). P300 amplitudes at Cz and Pz electrodes under optimal, fast, and slow conditions were significantly lower than those under control conditions. P300 amplitudes at Pz under fast and slow conditions were significantly lower than those under the optimal condition. No significant changes in P300 latency at any electrode were observed under any condition. Our findings revealed that pedaling at non-optimal cadence results in less attention being paid to external stimuli compared with pedaling at optimal cadence.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2022.819232

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

INTRODUCTION: Repetitive practice of sensorimotor tasks is widely used for neurorehabilitation; however, it is unknown how practice alters sensory processing (e.g., recognition, discrimination, and attentional allocation) and associated cognitive processing, such as decision-making. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) reflecting sensory processing, attention, and decision-making are altered by sensorimotor learning. METHODS: Fifteen participants performed a simple sensorimotor response task (thumb opposition in response to surface electrical stimulation), with experimental recording sessions before and after three days of practice. We then compared multiple SEP waveforms and reaction times (RTs) between pre- and postpractice trials. RESULTS: The RT was reduced after practice of three days, and we found a significant positive correlation between ΔRT and ΔN140lat at F3, Cz, and C3', ΔRT and ΔN250lat at F3, and there was a significant negative correlation between ΔRT and ΔP300amp at C3'. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that motor learning improves somatosensory processing and attentional allocation via neuroplasticity and that these alterations are reflected by specific SEP changes.

DOI： 10.1002/brb3.1624

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

AIM: The present study aimed to propose a structural model to explain the interaction of physical, cognitive and social domains of health status in the incidence of disability in community-dwelling people aged ≥75 years. METHODS: We analyzed 185 older adults (mean age 79.4 years, 58.4% female) who participated in a baseline assessment from 2012 to 2013. They were followed for incident certification of care needs in the national long-term care insurance certification system during the 2 years. Baseline assessments included several measurements related to the physical, cognitive and social domains of health status. We compared the model fit index between two hypothesis models - the parallel model and the hierarchical model - using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 15 participants (8.1%) were newly certified as requiring personal support from the long-term care insurance system. The structural equation modeling showed that the hierarchical model, indicating that cognitive and social status were indirectly associated with disability through physical status, had a better fit with the data than the parallel model, indicating that physical, cognitive and social status each were directly associated with disability. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that cognitive and social status might indirectly affect disability incidence through physical aging. Further research is required to examine the temporal relationship between physical, cognitive and social change using data over several time-periods. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1614-1619.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13539

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Language：Japanese  

Other Link： http://ir.cc.sapmed.ac.jp/dspace/handle/123456789/6749

DOI： 10.15114/sjhs.5.69

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)理学療法科学学会  

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：札幌医科大学保健医療学部  

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Other Link： http://ir.cc.sapmed.ac.jp/dspace/handle/123456789/6375

DOI： 10.15114/bshs.13.113

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：北海道リハビリテーション学会  

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

三次元動作解析装置を用いて片手片脚駆動(片駆),両手駆動(両駆)の車椅子回転スペースと駆動状況を比較検討した.脳卒中片麻痺患者11名には片駆,健常者13名には両駆での回転運動を実施した.その結果,両駆の左右長は文献に記述されている直径と近似となったが,片駆はそれより小さい値となった.又,片駆は同一場所での回転が難しく,回転スペースが駆動方向に膨らむ傾向にあった.以上より片麻痺患者における車椅子移動は,同一場所での対称的な回転が難しく,駆動方向に広いスペースが必要となる為,住宅内では,実用的で効率のよい移動空間スペースを考えることが重要と考えられた

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

ヘルスメーターで得られた体脂肪率は,二重X線吸収法と強く相関した.また正常群及び肥満傾向群では相関が認められたが,やせ傾向群においては,相関が認められなかった

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人日本理学療法士協会  

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.1996.23.2.272

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

20〜80代の健常人134名を対象とし,膝関節の誤差角度を認知させることにより受動運動感覚を定量的に評価し,加齢による影響を検討した.134名の中から46名を無作為抽出しリテストを行った.テスト・リテストの相関がr=0.78であり,測定値の再現性が高かった(p<0.05).平均誤差角度は各年代間に有意差がなく,一定の傾向もなかった.平均誤差角度と年齢の相関はr=0.04で相関関係はみられなかった.以上より健常高齢者においても臨床上受動運動感覚は若年者と同等に保たれていることが示唆された.また運動学習上,有用なフィードバック情報となりうると考えられた

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本公衆衛生学会  

Ichushi

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)  

Web of Science

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