記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

医中誌

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Beta frequency oscillations originating from the primary motor cortex increase in amplitude following the initiation of voluntary movement, a process termed beta rebound. The strength of beta rebound has been reported to predict the recovery of motor function following stroke, suggesting therapeutic applications of beta rebound modulation. The present study examined the effect of 20 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on the beta rebound induced by self-paced voluntary movement. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) and electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from 16 healthy adults during voluntary movements performed before and after active or sham tACS. There was no significant change in average beta rebound after active tACS. However, the beta rebound amplitude was significantly enhanced in a subset of participants, and the magnitude of the increase across all participants was negatively correlated with the difference between individual peak beta frequency and tACS frequency. Thus, matching the stimulus frequency of tACS with individual beta frequency may facilitate therapeutic enhancement for motor rehabilitation.

DOI： 10.3390/brainsci14010074

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The Go/NoGo task requires attention and sensory processing to distinguish a motor action cue or 'Go stimulus' from a 'NoGo stimulus' requiring no action, as well as motor preparation for a rapid Go stimulus response. The neural activity mediating these response phases can be examined non-invasively by measuring specific event-related brain potentials (ERPs) using electroencephalography. However, it is critical to determine how different task conditions, such as the relationship between attention site and movement site, influence ERPs and task performance. In this study, we compared attention-associated ERP components N140 and P300, the performance metrics reaction time (RT) and accuracy (%Error) and movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) between Go/NoGo task trials in which attention target and movement site were the same (right index finger movement in response to right index finger stimulation) or different (right index finger movement in response to fifth finger stimulation). In other Count trials, participants kept a running count of target stimuli presented but did not initiate a motor response. The N140 amplitudes at electrode site Cz were significantly larger in Movement trials than in Count trials regardless of the stimulation site-movement site condition. In contrast, the P300 amplitude at Cz was significantly smaller in Movement trials than in Count trials. The temporal windows of N140 and P300 overlapped with the MRCP. This superposition may influence N140 and P300 through summation, possibly independent of changes in attentional allocation.

DOI： 10.3390/brainsci14010038

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

INTRODUCTION: During voluntary muscle contraction, the amplitude of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) is reduced by inhibiting sensory information from a peripheral nerve supplying the contracted muscle. This phenomenon is called "gating." We reported that participants with good motor skills indicated strong suppression of somatosensory information. The present study investigated the effects of motor performance improvement following repetitive practice on the SEP amplitude. METHODS: The ball rotation task (BR task) was practiced by 15 healthy participants repetitively. SEPs were recorded before (pre) and after (post) repetitive practice. RESULTS: The BR task performance was significantly improved and the required muscle activation to perform the task was significantly reduced after the repetitive practice. The degree of gating was not significant between pre and post- for the SEP amplitude. A significant correlation was found between changes in SEP amplitude from pre to post and performance improvement. DISCUSSION: After repetitive practice, the degree of gating did not change, but the performance of the BR task improved, and the muscle activity required for the BR task decreased. These results suggest that repetitive practice does not change the degree of gating but changes the mechanism of gating. Furthermore, they indicate that suppression of the somatosensory area may play a role in improving task performance.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1131986

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Somatosensory cues and the optimal allocation of attentional resources are critical for motor performance, but it is uncertain how movement of a body part modulates directed attention and the processing of somatosensory signals originating from that same body part. The current study measured motor reaction time (RT) and the P300 event-related potential during a required movement response to stimulation of the same body part in a Go/NoGo task under multiple response. In the Movement Condition, participants were instructed to extend their right index finger in response to mild electrical stimulation of the same finger (Go signal) or remain still when receiving electrical stimulation to the fifth right finger (NoGo signal). Movement RTs and P300 amplitudes and latencies were measured under varying Go signal 50% probabilities. In other trial blocks, participants were required to count Go signals but not respond with movement or to ignore all signals while engaged in an unrelated task. Mean RT in the Movement Condition was 234.5 ms. P300 response amplitudes at midline electrodes (Fz, Cz, Pz) were the largest in the Movement Condition. The P300 amplitude at parietal electrode site Pz was significantly greater during Movement Condition trials than during Count Condition trials. The increase in P300 amplitude during trials requiring movement of the same body part receiving somatosensory stimulation suggests that movement itself modulates the attentional resources allocated to that body part.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1178509

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

During voluntary muscle contraction, sensory information induced by electrostimulation of the nerves supplying the contracting muscle is inhibited and the amplitude of the corresponding somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) decreases. This phenomenon is called "gating." The reduction of the SEP amplitude is reportedly significantly larger when task performance is high. However, the relationship between dexterous movement skills and gating remains unclear. In this study, we investigated through a ball rotation (BR) task how dexterous movement skills affect the SEP amplitudes. Thirty healthy subjects performed the BR task comprising the rotation of two wooden balls as quickly as possible. We estimated the median number of ball rotations for each participant and classified the participants into two (fast and slow) groups based on the results. Moreover, we recorded SEPs, while the subjects performed BR tasks or rested. SEP amplitude reduction (P45) was significantly larger in the fast than in the slow group. We also observed that the P45 amplitude during the BR task was attenuated even more so in the case of the participants with better dexterous movement skills. Our results suggest that the participants with better dexterous movement skills might display stronger somatosensory information suppression because of increasing the motor cortex activity and the afferent input during the BR task.

DOI： 10.1007/s00221-022-06439-y

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The employment rate of older people in Japan is expected to increase in the future owing to the increase in the retirement age. Preventing frailty is imperative to maintaining productive roles of older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between productive roles and frailty factors among community-dwelling older adults. A total of 135 older adults, enrolled in 2017, participated in the study. Productive roles and domains related to frailty were measured. We measured usual gait speed and grip strength for the physical domain; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) scores for the cognitive and mental domains; and social role and group activity for the social domain. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models revealed that having productive roles was associated with faster usual gait speed (odds ratios [OR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.08; p = 0.005) and lower GDS-15 score (OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97; p = 0.023). These results suggest that health promotion to maintain gait speed and prevent depressive symptoms may contribute to maintaining productivity in community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph191710838

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We investigated the relationship between attentional resources and pedaling cadence using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure P300 amplitudes and latencies. Twenty-five healthy volunteers performed the oddball task while pedaling on a stationary bike or relaxing (i.e., no pedaling). We set them four conditions, namely, (1) performing only the oddball task (i.e., control), (2) performing the oddball task while pedaling at optimal cadence (i.e., optimal), (3) performing the oddball task while pedaling faster than optimal cadence (i.e., fast), and (4) performing the oddball task while pedaling slower than optimal cadence (i.e., slow). P300 amplitudes at Cz and Pz electrodes under optimal, fast, and slow conditions were significantly lower than those under control conditions. P300 amplitudes at Pz under fast and slow conditions were significantly lower than those under the optimal condition. No significant changes in P300 latency at any electrode were observed under any condition. Our findings revealed that pedaling at non-optimal cadence results in less attention being paid to external stimuli compared with pedaling at optimal cadence.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2022.819232

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

INTRODUCTION: Repetitive practice of sensorimotor tasks is widely used for neurorehabilitation; however, it is unknown how practice alters sensory processing (e.g., recognition, discrimination, and attentional allocation) and associated cognitive processing, such as decision-making. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) reflecting sensory processing, attention, and decision-making are altered by sensorimotor learning. METHODS: Fifteen participants performed a simple sensorimotor response task (thumb opposition in response to surface electrical stimulation), with experimental recording sessions before and after three days of practice. We then compared multiple SEP waveforms and reaction times (RTs) between pre- and postpractice trials. RESULTS: The RT was reduced after practice of three days, and we found a significant positive correlation between ΔRT and ΔN140lat at F3, Cz, and C3', ΔRT and ΔN250lat at F3, and there was a significant negative correlation between ΔRT and ΔP300amp at C3'. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that motor learning improves somatosensory processing and attentional allocation via neuroplasticity and that these alterations are reflected by specific SEP changes.

DOI： 10.1002/brb3.1624

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: The present study aimed to propose a structural model to explain the interaction of physical, cognitive and social domains of health status in the incidence of disability in community-dwelling people aged ≥75 years. METHODS: We analyzed 185 older adults (mean age 79.4 years, 58.4% female) who participated in a baseline assessment from 2012 to 2013. They were followed for incident certification of care needs in the national long-term care insurance certification system during the 2 years. Baseline assessments included several measurements related to the physical, cognitive and social domains of health status. We compared the model fit index between two hypothesis models - the parallel model and the hierarchical model - using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 15 participants (8.1%) were newly certified as requiring personal support from the long-term care insurance system. The structural equation modeling showed that the hierarchical model, indicating that cognitive and social status were indirectly associated with disability through physical status, had a better fit with the data than the parallel model, indicating that physical, cognitive and social status each were directly associated with disability. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that cognitive and social status might indirectly affect disability incidence through physical aging. Further research is required to examine the temporal relationship between physical, cognitive and social change using data over several time-periods. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1614-1619.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13539

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：札幌医科大学  

本研究では日常的に屋内歩行を行っている脳卒中片麻痺者の麻痺側・非麻痺側の骨密度を計測し、その差と身体・感覚・生活機能に関わる評価項目（運動機能、感覚機能、日常生活活動量）と比較し、骨密度減少との関連性を調査した。対象者は、本研究に同意が得られた27名（男性17名、女性10名）とした。なお、認知症が重度のもの、脳卒中発症後の下肢骨折の既往があるもの、ステロイド系薬剤を使用しているものは除外した。骨評価値減少率平均4.63％であり、骨評価値減少率は発症後経過月数と有意な正の相関が認められた。脳卒中発症後片麻痺を呈したが屋内歩行が可能な高齢者の骨密度や日常生活活動度を含む評価をした結果、経過が長期になるにつれて麻痺側の種骨骨密度が低下し、特に低下がみられる群においては1日の歩数が少なく、運動強度の低い活動の時間が多かった。特に、男性においては中等度以上の活動時間が短いと骨密度の低下につながることがわかった。

その他リンク： http://ir.cc.sapmed.ac.jp/dspace/handle/123456789/6749

DOI： 10.15114/sjhs.5.69

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)理学療法科学学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：札幌医科大学保健医療学部  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：札幌医科大学保健医療学部  

札幌医科大学では、北海道と気候風土の似通った地域にある海外各国の大学と協定を締結し、積極的に学術交流を進めている。1977年にフィンランドの大学との医学交流協定を締結して以降、カナダ、中国、アメリカの諸大学とも同様の交流提携を締結し、研究者の相互派遣など、各種の交流活動を進めてきたが、2008年には中国、佳木斯大学との交流協定を締結した。本報告は、佳木斯大学との交流の実績を紹介すると共に、今後の展望について述べることを目的とする。

その他リンク： http://ir.cc.sapmed.ac.jp/dspace/handle/123456789/6375

DOI： 10.15114/bshs.13.113

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：北海道リハビリテーション学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人日本理学療法士協会  

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.1996.23.2.272

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)北海道理学療法士会  

医中誌

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本公衆衛生学会  

医中誌

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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