Language：English   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

This study presents the development of a tablet PC-based Line Bisection Task (LBT) software. The software was created through an iterative process involving collaboration between software developers and occupational therapy researchers, incorporating user feedback to refine the prototype. The resulting software addresses the limitations of traditional paper-and-pencil LBT methods, underscoring the value of interdisciplinary collaboration in healthcare technology development. The software offers several advantages over paper-and-pencil LBT, including enhanced flexibility, improved efficiency, real-time feedback, and reduced risk of human error. This tablet-based LBT software is expected to provide an efficient and effective tool for assessing spatial perception.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejeiss.145.122

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Korean Geriatrics Society  

DOI： 10.4235/agmr.24.0117

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)三輪書店  

Ichushi

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effects of low doses of alcohol, which are acceptable for driving a car, on inhibitory control and neural processing using the stop-signal task (SST) in 17 healthy right-handed social drinkers. The study employed simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography (EMG) recordings to assess behavioural and neural responses under conditions of low-dose alcohol (breath-alcohol concentration of 0.15 mg/L) and placebo. The results demonstrated that even a small amount of alcohol consumption prolonged Go reaction times in the SST and modified stopping behaviour, as evidenced by a decrease in the frequency and magnitude of partial response EMG that did not result in button pressing during successful inhibitory control. Furthermore, alcohol intake enhanced neural activity during failed inhibitory responses in the right inferior frontal cortex, suggesting its potential role in behavioural adaptation following stop-signal failure. These findings suggest that even low levels of alcohol consumption within legal driving limits can greatly impact both the cognitive performance and brain activity involved in inhibiting responses. This research provides important evidence on the neurobehavioural effects of low-dose alcohol consumption, with implications for understanding the biological basis of impaired motor control and decision-making and potentially informing legal guidelines on alcohol consumption.

DOI： 10.1101/2023.12.10.571028

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Beta frequency oscillations originating from the primary motor cortex increase in amplitude following the initiation of voluntary movement, a process termed beta rebound. The strength of beta rebound has been reported to predict the recovery of motor function following stroke, suggesting therapeutic applications of beta rebound modulation. The present study examined the effect of 20 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on the beta rebound induced by self-paced voluntary movement. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) and electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from 16 healthy adults during voluntary movements performed before and after active or sham tACS. There was no significant change in average beta rebound after active tACS. However, the beta rebound amplitude was significantly enhanced in a subset of participants, and the magnitude of the increase across all participants was negatively correlated with the difference between individual peak beta frequency and tACS frequency. Thus, matching the stimulus frequency of tACS with individual beta frequency may facilitate therapeutic enhancement for motor rehabilitation.

DOI： 10.3390/brainsci14010074

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists  

<b>Objective:</b> Recently, we developed a line bisection task (LBT) that could be performed on a tablet personal computer (PC) by recording the results and automatically calculating the lateral deviation from the true center for each trial. The present study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the LBT on a tablet PC. Additionally, we examined whether there were any differences between the results of the tablet and paper LBTs.

<b>Methods:</b> The LBT was performed both on paper and tablet PC by 26 right-handed healthy adult volunteers (mean age 21.2 ± 2.1 years). Lines of three different lengths (200, 100, and 50 mm) were presented five-times in a pseudorandom order in each task condition. The participants were asked to mark a subjective midpoint with a pencil or a dedicated pen. Additionally, eight participants performed the LBT on the tablet twice to evaluate reliability.

<b>Results:</b> Data analysis revealed a significant and “strong” to “very strong” correlation between the results of paper and tablet LBTs for each line length. Additionally, “good” test-retest reliability was confirmed by the results of the tablet LBT. There was no difference in the LBT results for each line length between the two task conditions.

<b>Conclusions:</b> The validity and reliability of the newly developed tablet LBT were confirmed. Additionally, the LBT performed on the tablet PC yielded results equivalent to those obtained when performed on paper.

DOI： 10.11596/asiajot.20.142

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The Go/NoGo task requires attention and sensory processing to distinguish a motor action cue or 'Go stimulus' from a 'NoGo stimulus' requiring no action, as well as motor preparation for a rapid Go stimulus response. The neural activity mediating these response phases can be examined non-invasively by measuring specific event-related brain potentials (ERPs) using electroencephalography. However, it is critical to determine how different task conditions, such as the relationship between attention site and movement site, influence ERPs and task performance. In this study, we compared attention-associated ERP components N140 and P300, the performance metrics reaction time (RT) and accuracy (%Error) and movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) between Go/NoGo task trials in which attention target and movement site were the same (right index finger movement in response to right index finger stimulation) or different (right index finger movement in response to fifth finger stimulation). In other Count trials, participants kept a running count of target stimuli presented but did not initiate a motor response. The N140 amplitudes at electrode site Cz were significantly larger in Movement trials than in Count trials regardless of the stimulation site-movement site condition. In contrast, the P300 amplitude at Cz was significantly smaller in Movement trials than in Count trials. The temporal windows of N140 and P300 overlapped with the MRCP. This superposition may influence N140 and P300 through summation, possibly independent of changes in attentional allocation.

DOI： 10.3390/brainsci14010038

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本安全運転医療学会  

Ichushi

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Somatosensory cues and the optimal allocation of attentional resources are critical for motor performance, but it is uncertain how movement of a body part modulates directed attention and the processing of somatosensory signals originating from that same body part. The current study measured motor reaction time (RT) and the P300 event-related potential during a required movement response to stimulation of the same body part in a Go/NoGo task under multiple response. In the Movement Condition, participants were instructed to extend their right index finger in response to mild electrical stimulation of the same finger (Go signal) or remain still when receiving electrical stimulation to the fifth right finger (NoGo signal). Movement RTs and P300 amplitudes and latencies were measured under varying Go signal 50% probabilities. In other trial blocks, participants were required to count Go signals but not respond with movement or to ignore all signals while engaged in an unrelated task. Mean RT in the Movement Condition was 234.5 ms. P300 response amplitudes at midline electrodes (Fz, Cz, Pz) were the largest in the Movement Condition. The P300 amplitude at parietal electrode site Pz was significantly greater during Movement Condition trials than during Count Condition trials. The increase in P300 amplitude during trials requiring movement of the same body part receiving somatosensory stimulation suggests that movement itself modulates the attentional resources allocated to that body part.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1178509

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists  

<b>Introduction:</b> Prism adaptation (PA) is a promising treatment to improve unilateral spatial neglect (USN). Egocentric neglect and allocentric neglect are the two types of USN in terms of spatial reference frames, but no study was reported the PA affects allocentric frame selectively. This study therefore aimed to investigate whether the PA effect could be observed only on allocentric frame in healthy participants.

<b>Method:</b> Thirty right-handed participants (12 females and 18 males, mean age 22.6 years), wore the right wedged prismatic glasses that created an optical shift of 5.7° to the left. They were asked to reach two visual targets with the right index finger 100 times alternately. Outcomes were measured through the line bisection task where lines of two different lengths (200 mm and 50 mm) were presented one by one in front of or on the left or right side of the participants.

<b>Results:</b> The subjective midpoint on the 200-mm line shifted significantly to the right after the PA, but not on the 50-mm line. Additionally, the degree of rightward deviation was not affected by the position of the presented line regardless of its length.

<b>Discussion:</b> These results indicate that the PA task induced allocentric neglect-like behavior. Hence, PA affected only the allocentric frame among healthy participants. The results of this study may contribute to the evaluation and treatment of allocentric neglect.

DOI： 10.11596/asiajot.19.117

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

INTRODUCTION: During voluntary muscle contraction, the amplitude of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) is reduced by inhibiting sensory information from a peripheral nerve supplying the contracted muscle. This phenomenon is called "gating." We reported that participants with good motor skills indicated strong suppression of somatosensory information. The present study investigated the effects of motor performance improvement following repetitive practice on the SEP amplitude. METHODS: The ball rotation task (BR task) was practiced by 15 healthy participants repetitively. SEPs were recorded before (pre) and after (post) repetitive practice. RESULTS: The BR task performance was significantly improved and the required muscle activation to perform the task was significantly reduced after the repetitive practice. The degree of gating was not significant between pre and post- for the SEP amplitude. A significant correlation was found between changes in SEP amplitude from pre to post and performance improvement. DISCUSSION: After repetitive practice, the degree of gating did not change, but the performance of the BR task improved, and the muscle activity required for the BR task decreased. These results suggest that repetitive practice does not change the degree of gating but changes the mechanism of gating. Furthermore, they indicate that suppression of the somatosensory area may play a role in improving task performance.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1131986

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東北神経心理懇話会  

Ichushi

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

During voluntary muscle contraction, sensory information induced by electrostimulation of the nerves supplying the contracting muscle is inhibited and the amplitude of the corresponding somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) decreases. This phenomenon is called "gating." The reduction of the SEP amplitude is reportedly significantly larger when task performance is high. However, the relationship between dexterous movement skills and gating remains unclear. In this study, we investigated through a ball rotation (BR) task how dexterous movement skills affect the SEP amplitudes. Thirty healthy subjects performed the BR task comprising the rotation of two wooden balls as quickly as possible. We estimated the median number of ball rotations for each participant and classified the participants into two (fast and slow) groups based on the results. Moreover, we recorded SEPs, while the subjects performed BR tasks or rested. SEP amplitude reduction (P45) was significantly larger in the fast than in the slow group. We also observed that the P45 amplitude during the BR task was attenuated even more so in the case of the participants with better dexterous movement skills. Our results suggest that the participants with better dexterous movement skills might display stronger somatosensory information suppression because of increasing the motor cortex activity and the afferent input during the BR task.

DOI： 10.1007/s00221-022-06439-y

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Objective: This study aimed to explore the influence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on occupational therapy (OT) for physical disorders, including changes in the assessment, treatment, other restrictions, and measures of OT.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among occupational therapists working in Hokkaido, Japan, and 123 out of the 334 (36.8%) were from OT facilities that target physical disorders. The responses were classified the categories and codes by [ ] and &lt; &gt;, respectively.

Results: The number of patients decreased in 47.1% of the OT facilities after the pandemic declaration. Only one facility reported &lt;decrease in intervention with palpation&gt;. Therefore, [thoroughness of standard precautions] including &lt;disinfection of materials and common use areas&gt;, &lt;hand hygiene&gt;, and [changes in treatment structure] including &lt;restriction on use of materials&gt; were implemented. Additionally, there were not only [restrictions on participation of patients] and [restrictions on outpatient services], but also [restrictions on operations of OT], such as &lt;cancellation or change of the methods of meetings and workshops&gt; and so on. Furthermore, [changes in treatment structure] and [setting criteria for discontinuation of participation] were utilized in some facilities to prevent and to reduce the risk of infection.

Conclusions: By revisiting the assessment and treatment guidelines on infection control, it is possible to provide continuous OT services and to tackle the challenges posed by the pandemic.

Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/15691861221121525

DOI： 10.1177/15691861221121525

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists  

DOI： 10.11596/asiajot.18.147

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We investigated the relationship between attentional resources and pedaling cadence using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure P300 amplitudes and latencies. Twenty-five healthy volunteers performed the oddball task while pedaling on a stationary bike or relaxing (i.e., no pedaling). We set them four conditions, namely, (1) performing only the oddball task (i.e., control), (2) performing the oddball task while pedaling at optimal cadence (i.e., optimal), (3) performing the oddball task while pedaling faster than optimal cadence (i.e., fast), and (4) performing the oddball task while pedaling slower than optimal cadence (i.e., slow). P300 amplitudes at Cz and Pz electrodes under optimal, fast, and slow conditions were significantly lower than those under control conditions. P300 amplitudes at Pz under fast and slow conditions were significantly lower than those under the optimal condition. No significant changes in P300 latency at any electrode were observed under any condition. Our findings revealed that pedaling at non-optimal cadence results in less attention being paid to external stimuli compared with pedaling at optimal cadence.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2022.819232

PubMed

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)三輪書店  

Ichushi

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)医学書院  

Ichushi

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J01858&link_issn=&doc_id=20210618300014&doc_link_id=%2Fcd6sagyh%2F2021%2F004003%2F015%2F0385-0390%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fcd6sagyh%2F2021%2F004003%2F015%2F0385-0390%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Ichushi

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: The baseline (BL) segment in the prestimulus period is generally assigned as a reference of evoked activities. However, an experimenter empirically defines its length in each condition. So far, the criterion for the length of a BL segment has not been established. NEW METHOD: We evaluated the effect of the length of the BL segment by recording somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) under fixed stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). For the evaluation of the length of the BL segment in the prestimulus period, five proportions in relation to SOA were used as the BL segment. In addition, we adopted other two types of BL segment which were the single data point measured from the value of stimulus onset (BL0) and the mean value of the whole raw data throughout the recording (DC mean). We investigated the influence of the BL segments on SEFs by utilizing two indicators: normalized N20 m amplitudes and estimated locations of corresponding equivalent current dipoles (ECDs). RESULTS: Both indicators did not show any significant differences, based on the factor of BL segments, in any SOA conditions. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD: The BL0 had by far the largest variation in the ECD locations.Therefore, utilizing stimulus onset as the BL segment should be avoided. In addition, considering that other BL segments provided comparable values by the two indicators, the DC mean can reasonably be adopted. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that utilizing the DC mean could be employed as the BL segment.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109213

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)北海道作業療法士会  

Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J07239&link_issn=&doc_id=20210308350001&doc_link_id=%2Fcr8sagyo%2F2021%2F000301%2F001%2F0001-0008%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fcr8sagyo%2F2021%2F000301%2F001%2F0001-0008%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Ichushi

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Although the illusion that the mirror image of a hand or limb could be recognized as a part of one's body behind the mirror, the effect of adding tactile stimulation to this illusion remains unknown. We, therefore, examined how the timing of tactile stimulation affects the induction of body ownership on the mirror image. Twenty-one healthy, right-handed participants (mean age = 23.0 ± 1.0 years, no medical history of neurological and/or psychiatric disorders) were enrolled and a crossover design was adopted in this study. Participants' right and left hands were placed on the front and back sides of the mirror, respectively, then they were asked to keep looking at their right hand in the mirror. All participants experienced two experiments; one was with tactile stimulation that was synchronized with the movement of a mirror image (synchronous condition), and the other one was with tactile stimulation that was not synchronized (asynchronous condition). The qualitative degree of body ownership for the mirrored hand was evaluated by a questionnaire. Proprioceptive drift (PD), an illusory shift of the felt position of the real hand toward the mirrored hand was used for quantitative evaluation of body ownership and measured at "baseline," "immediately after stimulation," "2 min after stimulation," and "4 min after stimulation." The results of the questionnaire revealed that some items of body ownership rating were higher in the synchronous condition than in the asynchronous condition (p < 0.05). We found that PD occurred from immediately after to 4 min after stimulation in both conditions (p < 0.01) and there was no difference in the results between the conditions. From the dissociation of these results, we interpreted that body ownership could be elicited by different mechanisms depending on the task demand. Our results may contribute to the understanding of the multisensory integration mechanism of visual and tactile stimulation during mirror illusion induction.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2021.684873

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

INTRODUCTION: Repetitive practice of sensorimotor tasks is widely used for neurorehabilitation; however, it is unknown how practice alters sensory processing (e.g., recognition, discrimination, and attentional allocation) and associated cognitive processing, such as decision-making. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) reflecting sensory processing, attention, and decision-making are altered by sensorimotor learning. METHODS: Fifteen participants performed a simple sensorimotor response task (thumb opposition in response to surface electrical stimulation), with experimental recording sessions before and after three days of practice. We then compared multiple SEP waveforms and reaction times (RTs) between pre- and postpractice trials. RESULTS: The RT was reduced after practice of three days, and we found a significant positive correlation between ΔRT and ΔN140lat at F3, Cz, and C3', ΔRT and ΔN250lat at F3, and there was a significant negative correlation between ΔRT and ΔP300amp at C3'. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that motor learning improves somatosensory processing and attentional allocation via neuroplasticity and that these alterations are reflected by specific SEP changes.

DOI： 10.1002/brb3.1624

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)医学書院  

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J04871&link_issn=&doc_id=20191015200012&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1416201411&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1416201411&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

Ichushi

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese  

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2019265306

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本生体医工学会  

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本生体磁気学会  

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本生体磁気学会  

Ichushi

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本生体磁気学会  

Ichushi

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