研究者詳細 - 宇野　智子

論文 - 宇野　智子

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A diet supplemented with cholic acid elevates blood pressure accompanied by albuminuria in rats

Tomoko Shimoda, Hidehisa Shimizu, Wakana Iwasaki, Hongxia Liu, Yoshie Kamo, Koji Tada, Taketo Hanai, Shota Hori, Ga-Hyun Joe, Yasutake Tanaka, Masao Sato, Hitoshi Miyazaki, Satoshi Ishizuka

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry ( Oxford University Press (OUP) ) 2023年01月

Abstract A diet supplemented with cholic acid (CA), the primary 12α-hydroxylated bile acid, can induce hepatic lipid accumulation in rats without obesity. This study examined the effects of a CA-supplemented diet on blood pressure (BP). After acclimation, WKAH/HkmSlc rats (3 week old) were divided into two groups and fed with a control AIN-93-based diet or a CA-supplemented diet (0.5 g CA/kg) for 13 weeks. The CA diet increased systolic and diastolic BP as well as hepatic lipid concentrations in the rats. No changes were found in the blood sodium concentration. Urinary albumin concentration increased in CA-fed rats. An increase was observed in the hepatic expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1B that correlated BPs and urinary albumin concentration accompanied by an increase in portal taurocholic acid concentration. These results suggest that 12α-hydroxylated bile acids are involved in increased BP and albuminuria via alteration of hepatic function.

DOI

Cognitive changes with psychomotor skill acquisition through blended learning among nursing students: A qualitative study.

Yuko Yoshida, Tomoko Uno, Hiroaki Tanaka, Itsuka Hakosaki, Katsusuke Shigeta, Rika Yano

Nurse education in practice 65 103486 - 103486 2022年11月 [国際誌]

AIM: This study described nursing students' cognitive changes as they acquire psychomotor skills through blended learning. BACKGROUND: Deliberate practice, including feedback from teachers, is vital for acquiring psychomotor skills. Blended learning, a program that allows students to deepen their learning and improve their skills even when students and faculty are physically separated has attracted significant attention in recent years. Although blended learning has been used for learning in the cognitive domain, no study has examined its effectiveness in the acquisition of psychomotor skills. Understanding how students' cognition changes as they acquire skills in a blended learning environment could be a valuable resource for effective teaching. DESIGN: An inductive, qualitative description approach was adopted. METHODS: The program involved a basic nursing skill: making an occupied bed. Eleven second-year nursing students participated. The participants attended face-to-face lectures and e-learning courses comprising self-study content that was designed for easy and frequent reference. Students practiced for a skill test, which was conducted one month after the first lecture. Two interviews were conducted approximately one month apart. Before each interview, the participants' current practices were videotaped. During the interviews, they explained their thought processes and conscious awareness of their actions as they watched the videos. This study was conducted between April and May 2019. RESULTS: Six categories related to changes in participants' cognitive processes while acquiring the skill of making an occupied bed were identified: "feeling that it is easy to acquire," "practicing without much thought," "realizing the difficulty in translating thoughts into practice," "experiencing a sense of purpose in each technique," "gaining a perspective to evaluate one's skills," and "developing one's unique approach." CONCLUSIONS: In a blended learning environment, where a practice environment and audiovisual materials were provided, students could practice and improve their skills at their own pace even without the instructor's frequent advice. The findings show that metacognitive skills are essential to the development of psychomotor skills in a blended learning program because this program requires practicing while monitoring one's skills. Metacognitive skills affect the development of psychomotor skills and the ability to provide care. Therefore, initiatives that address the development of metacognitive skills, such as the current program, during the early stages of basic education programs can contribute to the development of nursing students' practical skills.

DOI PubMed

COVID-19感染拡大により学内実習に変更した基礎看護実習1に関する教育実践報告

飯澤良祐, 宇野智子, 中村円, 首藤英里香, 堀口雅美, 大日向輝美

札幌保健科学雑誌 ( 札幌医科大学保健医療学部 ) ( 11 ) 93 - 97 2022年03月 [査読有り]

本報告はCOVID-19感染拡大により学内実習に変更した基礎看護実習1の教育実践を振り返り,基礎看護学における看護実践能力の育成につなげるための学内実習の有効であった点と課題を明確にすることを目的とした.学内実習では看護の役割や連携に関する講義,病院と病棟ならびに看護活動に関する動画の視聴,看護師へのインタビューを実施した.学習内容の順序性を考慮し,関連付けて学習できるようにした.学生は臨床の場での看護活動や対象者との関わりを知り,対象者やチーム医療に必要な対人関係能力,倫理観について学ぶことができたと考える.学内実習により対象者との援助関係の構築や学生指導看護師と関わりチームの一員として役割を果たすことは実際の体験を通して学ぶことはできず,この点は2年次以降の学習で補う必要がある.基礎看護学において看護実践能力の基盤を形成し,看護に対する洞察を深めていけるよう教育活動を行う必要がある.(著者抄録)

COVID-19感染拡大により学内実習に変更した基礎看護実習2に関する教育実践報告

宇野智子, 中村円, 飯澤良祐, 首藤英里香, 堀口雅美, 大日向輝美

札幌保健科学雑誌 ( 札幌医科大学保健医療学部 ) ( 11 ) 87 - 91 2022年03月 [査読有り]

COVID-19感染拡大により学内実習に変更した基礎看護実習1に関する教育実践報告

飯澤良祐, 宇野智子, 中村円, 首藤英里香, 堀口雅美, 大日向輝美

札幌保健科学雑誌 ( 札幌医科大学保健医療学部 ) ( 11 ) 93 - 97 2022年03月 [査読有り]

COVID-19感染拡大により遠隔代理実践を導入した看護技術総合演習に関する教育実践報告

中村円, 宇野智子, 飯澤良祐, 首藤英里香, 堀口雅美, 大日向輝美

札幌保健科学雑誌 ( 札幌医科大学保健医療学部 ) ( 11 ) 99 - 103 2022年03月 [査読有り]

COVID-19感染拡大により遠隔代理実践を導入した看護技術総合演習に関する教育実践報告

中村円, 宇野智子, 飯澤良祐, 首藤英里香, 堀口雅美, 大日向輝美

札幌保健科学雑誌 ( 札幌医科大学保健医療学部 ) ( 11 ) 99 - 103 2022年03月 [査読有り]

学生の看護実践能力を育成するためには看護実践の基礎である看護過程の理解が不可欠である.本報告はCOVID-19感染拡大により遠隔授業に変更した演習科目「看護技術総合演習」の実践過程からその学習効果と今後の課題について報告し,ICTを活用した看護技術教育の授業設計を行う上での基礎資料とすることを目的とした.遠隔授業での演習には,学生が立案した看護計画を教員が代理で実践する「遠隔代理実践」を導入し,学生が間接的に看護実践を体験できるようにした.遠隔代理実践を通して,学生は計画を立案するだけでなく,患者へのケアを行う際に看護師がどのような思考で状況を判断して観察を行い,一つ一つの看護行為を省察しながら次の看護行為を決定しているということを学んでいた.遠隔代理実践を用いることは学生の臨床判断能力の醸成と,患者の反応や状況に応じて計画を修正しながら実践するという看護のプロセスを理解することにつながっていた.(著者抄録)

COVID-19感染拡大により学内実習に変更した基礎看護実習2に関する教育実践報告

宇野智子, 中村円, 飯澤良祐, 首藤英里香, 堀口雅美, 大日向輝美

札幌保健科学雑誌 ( 札幌医科大学保健医療学部 ) ( 11 ) 87 - 91 2022年03月 [査読有り]

本報告は新型コロナウイルス感染症の拡大前後の実践過程を通して,臨地実習を学内実習へ変更したことにより,看護実践能力を育成する上で基礎看護学領域が担う課題を明らかにすることを目的とした.学内実習は,感染対策を講じた上で対面での模擬実践と自宅からの遠隔での学内実習(模擬患者の看護過程)を組み合わせた.このような教育方法によって看護過程の思考を学ぶことが可能だと考えた.一方,直接的な患者とのコミュニケーションや援助関係の構築,学生指導看護師への報告や相談といった対人的な経験および看護過程の実施と評価の学習は限界があった.患者に看護を提供するには,健康状態の変化に対応した思考力や判断力,対人関係能力といった看護実践能力を高めることが重要である.今後,基礎看護学領域が担うべき課題は,学生が知識や技術および態度を主体的にその後の講義や臨地実習の学習と統合させ,看護実践能力の基盤を育成することである.(著者抄録)

Nutritional Evaluation by Nurses and Physical Recovery of Malnourished Patients after Esophagectomy

Tomoko Uno, Sadako Yoshimura

Open Journal of Nursing ( Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. ) 12 ( 01 ) 12 - 24 2022年 [査読有り]

DOI

Association between Physical Activity Levels and Body Composition among Healthy Older Japanese Adults during a Snowy Winter: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Tomoko Shimoda, Teppei Suzuki, Kaori Tsutsumi, Mina Samukawa, Sadako Yoshimura, Katsuhiko Ogasawara

International journal of environmental research and public health 17 ( 15 ) 2020年07月 [国際誌]

BACKGROUND: Despite a long average lifespan, increased life expectancy does not guarantee higher quality of life. METHODS: To contribute in understanding some determinants of healthy life expectancies in older Japanese individuals in a snowy winter region, we investigated the indicators of health. Local residents (n = 124) in the city of Iwamizawa volunteered for health examinations from January 2016 to March 2016. We recorded activity via daily steps for 2-week periods. In addition, we measured body composition, grip strength, and assessed nutritional status. RESULTS: Analysis of body composition and daily activity indicated that women who walked more than 4000 steps had lower fat mass and increased muscle mass. Men with >3.0 metabolic equivalents (METs) when walking had lower body fat. CONCLUSION: For healthy older Japanese individuals in this snowy winter region, walking >4000 steps daily for women and exercise of >3.0 METs for men may indicate health-promoting activities.

DOI PubMed

A low coefficient of variation in hepatic triglyceride concentration in an inbred rat strain.

Tomoko Shimoda, Shota Hori, Kenta Maegawa, Akari Takeuchi, Yeonmi Lee, Ga-Hyun Joe, Yasutake Tanaka, Hidehisa Shimizu, Satoshi Ishizuka

Lipids in health and disease 19 ( 1 ) 137 - 137 2020年06月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

BACKGROUND: Inbred strains are characterized by less genetic variation, which suggests usefulness of inbred strains for evaluations of various parameters. In this study, experimental reproducibility in several parameters was compared between an outbred Wistar rat and Wistar King A Hokkaido (WKAH/HkmSlc) rat, the inbred strain that is originated from Wistar rats. METHODS: Difference of variations was investigated in parameters of body compositions and liver functions such as body weight, liver weight, liver triglycerides (TG), liver cholesterol and plasma alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT) between WKAH rats and outbred Wistar rats by using the coefficient of variation (CV). RESULTS: There was no difference in the CVs of body weight and relative liver weight between WKAH and Wistar rats. The CVs of body weight and relative liver weight were below 10% in both WKAH and Wistar rats. The CVs of TG, cholesterol, and ALT in Wistar rats were between 30 and 40%, whereas those in WKAH rats were between 10 and 25%. A low CV level of TG was observed in WKAH rats compared to that in Wistar rats regardless of the duration of the experimental period in those rat strains. CONCLUSION: The low CV values in metabolic parameters involved in liver functions in the inbred rats suggested an advantage of using inbred rather than outbred rats for the evaluation of liver lipid metabolism.

DOI PubMed

Examining Modifications of the Noise Generated by Nurses’ Footsteps and the Use of Pass-By Objects: A Pilot Study

Tomoko Shimoda, Rei Nishijima, Sadako Yoshimura

Open Journal of Nursing ( Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. ) 10 ( 02 ) 184 - 193 2020年 [査読有り]

DOI

A simple and short microbiology practical improves undergraduate nursing students' awareness of bacterial traits and ability to avoid spreading infections.

Rika Yano, Torahiko Okubo, Tomoko Shimoda, Junji Matsuo, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi

BMC medical education 19 ( 1 ) 53 - 53 2019年02月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

BACKGROUND: Nurses are responsible for implementing appropriate measures to reduce hospital infections, especially with multidrug resistant bacteria, so nursing students should learn about microbiology. This helps them to understand bacterial dissemination and infectious disease control. Because of tight schedules, however, its teaching is limited in undergraduate nursing classes in Japan. We therefore tested whether a simple short practical session in a microbiology class could help to improve undergraduate nursing students' awareness of bacterial traits and how to prevent infections. METHODS: This study involved second-grade nursing students (n = 76). Two short practical sessions (a total of 3 h, across 2 days) were used to assess the effectiveness of washing or disinfection on hand bacteria in a 16-class microbiology course (total class time was 24 h, plus an exam). Hand bacteria were sampled on LB agar plates with orientation during the first half-day, and the plates examined for colonies with distinct color or morphological traits, and discussed, in the second session, a week later. Questionnaires before and after the exercise were used to assess changes in awareness of unseen bacteria inhabiting around us connecting bacterial traits and how to prevent infections. RESULTS: The results showed that the practical increased the nursing students' awareness of fomites (utensils) (p = 0.0115), fomites (contact-based) (p = 0.0016), habitats (body surface) (p = 0.0127), action facilitating hospital infection (p = 0.0166), and changes in physical condition caused by bacterial infections (p = 0.0136). There were no changes in word associations (p = 0.627) or habitats (inside body) (p = 0.308). Difficulty score, which is an element in questionnaire psychometric properties, tended to be close to the expected score through the practical, but not statistical significant. In addition, regardless of before or after practical, Cronbach α score, which is an indicator of the reliability among items of multi-choice questions, showed > 0.8, indicating validity of evaluation items. Thus, the student's awareness of unseen bacteria inhabiting around us was significantly increased as compared to those before practical in microbiology class. CONCLUSIONS: The simple short practical effectively improved nursing students' awareness of unseen bacteria inhabiting around us in microbiology course, useful for even tight teaching schedules.

DOI PubMed

Effect of thermal control of dry fomites on regulating the survival of human pathogenic bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections.

Tomoko Shimoda, Torahiko Okubo, Yoshiki Enoeda, Rika Yano, Shinji Nakamura, Jeewan Thapa, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi

PloS one 14 ( 12 ) e0226952 2019年 [査読有り] [国際誌]

We monitored the survival of human pathogenic bacteria [Escherichia coli (ATCC), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli (Clinical isolate), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing E. coli (clinical isolate), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC)] on dry materials (vinyl chloride, aluminum, plastic, stainless steel) at distinct temperatures (room temperature or 15°C-37°C). These bacteria favored a lower temperature for their prolonged survival on the dry fomites, regardless of the material type. Interestingly, when mixed with S. aureus, E. coli survived for a longer time at a lower temperature. Cardiolipin, which can promote the survival of S. aureus in harsh environments, had no effect on maintaining the survival of E. coli. Although the trends remained unchanged, adjusting the humidity from 40% to 60% affected the survival of bacteria on dry surfaces. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed no morphological differences in these bacteria immediately before or after one day of dry conditions. In addition, ATP assessment, a method used to visualize high-touch surfaces in hospitals, was not effective at monitoring bacterial dynamics. A specialized handrail device fitted with a heater, which was maintained at normal human body core temperature, successfully prohibited the prolonged survival of bacteria [Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC), E. coli (ATCC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC), S. aureus (ATCC), Acinetobacter baumannii (clinical isolate), and Serratia marcescens (clinical isolate)], with the exception of spore-forming Bacillus subtilis (from our laboratory collection) and the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans (from our laboratory collection)] on dry surfaces. Taken together, we concluded that the tested bacteria favor lower temperatures for their survival in dry environments. Therefore, the thermal control of dry fomites has the potential to control bacterial survival on high-touch surfaces in hospitals.

DOI PubMed

Survey on the willingness to pay for tele-health consultation.

Suzuki T, Abe T, Tsuji S, Shimoda T, Yoshimura S, Ogasawara K

Health Policy and Technology. 8 248 - 253 2019年 [査読有り]

Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Density Among Snowy Region Residents in Japan: Analysis Using Multiple Linear Regression and Bayesian Network Model.

Teppei Suzuki, Tomoko Shimoda, Noriko Takahashi, Kaori Tsutsumi, Mina Samukawa, Sadako Yoshimura, Katsuhiko Ogasawara

Interactive journal of medical research ( Journal of Medical Internet Research ) 7 ( 1 ) e10 2018年05月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

BACKGROUND: As the onset of osteoporosis leads to reduced activities of daily living and may result in patients being bedridden, efforts to prevent decreased bone density are necessary. Various studies on the relationship between sex, age, nutrients, and exercise habits and bone mineral density have been conducted to date. However, for snowy region residents, the magnitude of influence of various factors affecting bone mineral density and the influence level have not been clarified. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify the degree of influence and factors influencing bone mineral density based on survey results on health conditions and lifestyle habits in heavy snow areas. METHODS: A total of 354 citizens who visited a drugstore in the target area were included in a study that included using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire on lifestyle and exercise habits. Height, weight, body composition, and bone densitometer values were analyzed using multiple regression to calculate their association with bone mineral density. In addition, a Bayesian network model was used to determine the influence level of each factor as a conditional probability. RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis revealed that age, sex, fracture, and calcium intake significantly influenced bone mineral density. In addition, the result of Bayesian network analysis suggested that age and sex affected bone mineral density, whereas nutrients and exercise habits might not have a direct impact. However, calcium intake and the T-score were significant factors affecting the presence or absence of fracture experiences, suggesting that adequate calcium intake is essential for preventing fractures. CONCLUSIONS: In the multiple regression analysis, age, sex, fracture, and calcium intake were selected as factors; however, in the Bayesian analysis, only age and sex affected bone mineral density while nutrients did not. In addition, the fact that calcium intake and the T-score were shown to affect bone fracture history suggests that calcium intake is an important measure that can prevent bone fractures. Overall, these results suggest that measures such as ensuring a bone fracture-free environment and providing nutritional advice for calcium intake can be effective in preventing bone loss.

DOI PubMed

医療施設で発生する音の快・不快評価音源の確信は音の感じ方に影響するか?

歳桃晴子, 太田瑞菜, 下田智子, 進藤ゆかり

北海道公衆衛生学雑誌 ( 北海道公衆衛生学会 ) 31 ( 2 ) 77‐84 - 84 2018年03月

医療施設で発生する音に対する快・不快の評価と、その音が何であるかを確信している程度(音確信度)がどのように関係しているか、およびこの音確信度に影響する要因について明らかにし、今後の医療施設等での音環境への配慮に対して示唆を得ることを研究目的とした。対象者は20歳以上の学生23名で、疑似病室内で20種類の音を再生し、各音に対する快・不快評価、その音が何だと思うか、音確信度、音を聞いた経験の有無について調査した。その結果、音確信度が高い方が快い傾向にある音と、音確信度が高い方が不快な傾向にある音があった。音を聞いた経験があることは音確信度を向上させ、音の種類について事前にまとめて説明することは音確信度を高めず、むしろ低下させる場合があった。音の正答率と音確信度には有意に正の相関があった。以上のことより、医療施設で発生する音の種類によって、配慮方法を使い分けることが重要と示唆された。(著者抄録)

J-GLOBAL

高齢女性における尿失禁と立ち上がり機能の関係性について

寒川美奈, 鈴木哲平, 下田智子, 堤香織, 高橋紀子, 高島理沙, 辻真太朗, 村田和香, 良村貞子, 小笠原克彦

日本未病システム学会学術総会抄録集 ( (一社)日本未病学会 ) 24回 134 - 134 2017年10月

Diversity changes of microbial communities into hospital surface environments.

Rika Yano, Tomoko Shimoda, Reina Watanabe, Yasutoshi Kuroki, Torahiko Okubo, Shinji Nakamura, Junji Matsuo, Sadako Yoshimura, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy ( ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV ) 23 ( 7 ) 439 - 445 2017年07月 [査読有り] [国際誌]

Previous works have demonstrated considerable variability in hospital cleanliness in Japan, suggesting that contamination is driven by factors that are currently poorly controlled. We undertook 16S rRNA sequence analysis to study population structures of hospital environmental microbiomes to see which factor(s) impacted contamination. One hundred forty-four samples were collected from surfaces of three hospitals with distinct sizes ("A": >500 beds, "B": 100-500 beds, "C": <100 beds). Sample locations of two ward types (Surgical and Internal) included patient room bed table (multiple) (4BT), patient overbed table (multiple) (4OT), patient room sink (multiple) (4S), patient room bed table (single) (SBT), patient overbed table (single) (SOT), patient room sink (single) (SS), nurse desk (ND), and nurse wagon (NW). Total DNA was extracted from each sample, and the 50 samples that yielded sufficient DNA were used for further 16S rRNA sequencing of hospital microbiome populations with cluster analysis. The number of assigned bacterial OTU populations was significantly decreased in hospital "C" compared to the other hospitals. Cluster analysis of sampling locations revealed that the population structure in almost all locations of hospital "C" and some locations in the other hospitals was very similar and unusually skewed with a family, Enterobacteriaceae. Interestingly, locations included patient area (4OT, 4BT, SBT) and nurse area (ND), with a device (NW) bridging the two and a place (4S and SS) shared between patients or visitors. We demonstrated diversity changes of hospital environmental microbiomes with a skewed population, presumably by medical staff pushing NWs or sinks shared by patients or visitors.

DOI PubMed

Nutritional Status and Body Composition of Independently Living Older Adults in a Snowy Region of Japan.

Shimoda T, Suzuki T, Takahashi N, Tsutsumi K, Samukawa M, Yoshimachi S, Goto T, Enomoto H, Kise N, Ogasawara K, Yoshimura S

Gerontology & geriatric medicine ( SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC ) 3 2333721417706854 2017年01月 [査読有り]

Lifestyle diseases, which are associated with nutrition, account for 30% of elderly requiring long-term care. To increase health expectancy among Japan's rapidly aging population, we investigated the nutritional status and body composition of elderly adults living in a region subject to heavy snowfall, to identify pertinent health indicators. The dietary habits of 288 local residents aged >= 50 years were analyzed using body composition and a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Body mass index of all residents was normal. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and muscle mass were reduced in the older group. Dietary habits did not differ with age among men, but older women had significantly higher dietary intake. BMR and muscle mass declined with age, even when dietary intake was sustained. Despite sufficient dietary intake, independently living older adults demonstrate less efficient use of food with age. Interventions to reduce excessive sodium and protein intake are required.

DOI PubMed

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