Details of a Researcher - HIRANO Michiyo

Previous studies have indicated that older men often experience disconnection from the community after retirement. Social activities have been shown to be effective in preventing social isolation among older urban men. Nevertheless, it has been reported that they often do not participate in community social activities and tend to be reluctant to do so. We explored the values and meanings of social activities for retired older men living in an urban area of Japan to understand support using social activities that are more suitable for them. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 older men (aged 68–80 years; M = 74.6 ± 3.79 years) about their interactions with family and non-family members, and their participation in various community social activities. The grounded theory approach was used for the analysis. As a result, the following five categories were derived as the values that participants place on the social activities that they engage in: “health as a resource and reward for social activities,” “feeling I am still useful,” “feeling that something is my responsibility,” “feeling of time well spent,” and “finding interest through interactions.” In addition, the following three categories were extracted as meanings of social activities: “fulfilling social life,” “maintaining stable family relationships,” and “maintaining safety and peace in the community.” When considering the social activities that older urban retired men are interested in and likely to participate in, these five values can be considered indicators. In contrast, to maintain stable family relationships and safety and peace in the community, participants sometimes used strategies to stop or abandon social activities. Therefore, in situations where a peaceful life within a family or neighborhood is threatened, it may be useful to help set aside sufficient time and allow for psychological leeway in advance to incorporate social activities into their lives.

DOI PubMed

Perception of COVID-19 Restrictions on Daily Life among Japanese Older Adults: A Qualitative Focus Group Study

Risa Takashima, Ryuta Onishi, Kazuko Saeki, Michiyo Hirano

Healthcare ( MDPI AG ) 8 ( 4 ) 450 - 450 2020.11 [Refereed] [International journal]

Authorship： Last author , Corresponding author

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed older adults to health and social risks. This study examined the perceptions of community-dwelling older adults regarding how COVID-19 restricted their daily lives. Six focus-group interviews were conducted with 24 participants (mean age, 78.2 ± 5.5 years) living in urban and rural areas in Japan. Then, a qualitative inductive content analysis was performed. Six themes were generated: “fear of infection and public, watchful eyes,” “consistency in daily personal life,” “pain from reducing my social life,” “readiness to endure a restricted life,” “awareness of positive changes in myself,” and “concern for a languishing society.” There was no change that would make their lives untenable, and they continued their daily personal lives at a minimum level. However, their social lives were reduced, which over the long term can lead to a lost sense of purpose in life. This was reported as an adverse factor in the development of other diseases and functional decline in previous studies. While there is no doubt that infection prevention is important, supporting older adults in engaging in activities that provide a sense of purpose in life could contribute to their present and future overall health including mental health.

DOI PubMed

Processes that enable public health professionals to organize preventive care support groups

Miki Oichi, Tamotsu Kamishima, Michiyo Hirano

Public Health Nursing ( Wiley ) 37 ( 6 ) 880 - 888 2020.11 [Refereed] [International journal]

Authorship： Last author , Corresponding author

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the structure of the process that public health professionals (PHPs) use to organize preventive care groups for older adults and the elements that strengthen this process. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: The study was conducted using a quantitative descriptive design. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed by mail to 919 PHPs, including nurses and social workers employed by local governments in a Japanese prefecture, who facilitated recreational groups for older adults for the purposes of preventive care. Measures Items related to the process and the awareness of support were based on previous research. The process structure was examined using exploratory factor analysis, while multiple logistic regression analysis was used to study strengthening elements. RESULTS: The process yielded six factors (encouraging clarity with respect to the group's activity policy; creating connections with other resources; fostering independence; encouraging activity evaluation; creating relationships with group members; understanding the strengths and weaknesses of communities and individuals) with a total of 23 items. Two of three indicators of awareness of support were significantly related to the process. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the importance of strengthening elements might improve support groups for older adults.

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Development of a social activities scale for community‐dwelling older people requiring support

Michiyo Hirano, Kazuko Saeki, Izumi Ueda

Nursing Open ( Wiley ) 7 ( 6 ) 1887 - 1895 2020.11 [Refereed] [International journal]

Authorship： Lead author , Corresponding author

Aim: This study aims to develop the Social Activities Scale for Community-Dwelling Older People Requiring Support (SASOS). Design: This study is a cross-sectional investigation. Methods: The participants were healthy older people (HOP; N = 140) and those requiring support (OPRS; N = 250). An anonymous questionnaire included items on SASOS, subjective health and ikigai (Japanese well-being concept). Criterion-related validity was examined using the Social Activity Index for Elderly People (SAI-E). Results: Seventy-five HOP and 157 OPRS provided effective responses. The scale (α = 0.805) had three subscales: "interactions with friends and neighbors (F1)," "close relationships with family (F2)" and "interactions with others through activity programs (F3)." SASOS and SAI-E scores were correlated (r = .558, p < .01), indicating criterion-related validity. In known-groups validity analysis, F1 were significantly higher among HOP and F3 were significantly higher among OPRS. Total scores correlated with perceived health (r = .240, p < .01) and ikigai (r = .419, p < .01).

DOI PubMed

吃音がある子どもに対する関わりの中で親が抱く思い－子どもへの支援的な関わりを通して－

有田愛莉, 平野美千代

日本公衆衛生看護学会誌 9 ( 2 ) 72 - 80 2020.08 [Refereed]

Authorship： Corresponding author

Development of a Scale for Assessing the Meaning of Participation in Care Prevention Group Activities Provided by Local Governments in Japan

Ryu Sasaki, Michiyo Hirano

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ( MDPI AG ) 17 ( 12 ) 4499 - 4499 2020.06 [Refereed]

Authorship： Corresponding author

The meaning of participation in care prevention group activities may encourage continuous participation, making older adults active and healthy throughout their lives. This study developed a scale to assess the meaning of participation in care prevention group activities. It involved 427 participants in care prevention group activities (CPGAs) in Japan who filled out a self-administered questionnaire between October 2017 and February 2018. The meaning of participation was assessed using 15 items. In total, there were 379 valid responses. A factor analysis yielded two factors: “promotion of self-growth” and “enrichment of daily life”. The goodness of fit index (GFI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were satisfactory (GFI = 0.923; CFI = 0.960; RMSEA = 0.073). Cronbach’s α was 0.939 for the entire scale. The scale scores were significantly correlated with scores of the social activity-related daily life satisfaction scale and Ikigai-9. The scale’s reliability and validity were confirmed, indicating its usability for promoting care prevention efforts.

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Developing a comprehensive career development scale for public health nurses in Japan

Kazuko Saeki, Michiyo Hirano, Hikaru Honda, Kiyomi Asahara

Public Health Nursing ( Wiley ) 37 ( 1 ) 135 - 143 2020.01 [Refereed] [International journal]

Authorship： Corresponding author

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop a scale that can comprehensively measure public health nurses'(PHNs) career development and to verify the validity and reliability of that scale. DESIGN AND SAMPLES: This study is a cross-sectional investigation. The participants were 1,009 PHNs working in a government facility in Japan. A total of 586 participants who had been working for more than 3 years as PHNs were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS: Anonymous self-response questionnaires included items on professional awareness, practical competency, and job satisfaction. We conducted exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to clarify the construct validity of the scale. The reliability was examined by the Cronbach's α coefficient. The validity was examined by an external reference relevant validity and the known-group method. RESULTS: The scale was structured with 32 items covering three factors: "community activities, policy, and management," "PHN identity," and "foundations as a PHN." The Cronbach's α coefficients were all greater than 0.9. In confirmatory factor analysis, the scale showed acceptable goodness of fit. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive career development scale for PHNs proved its reliability and validity. This scale may be useful to promote PHN identity and competency comprehensively in basic education and in-charge education.

DOI PubMed

A県北部に居住する前期高齢者の他者とのつきあいと孤独感との関連

齊藤葉月, 平野美千代

日本公衆衛生看護学会誌 8 ( 2 ) 96 - 103 2019.08 [Refereed]

Authorship： Corresponding author

Mothers' challenges with the parental control of 3‐year‐old children in Japan: A qualitative study

Ryuta Onishi, Kazuko Saeki, Michiyo Hirano

Child: Care, Health and Development ( Wiley ) 45 ( 4 ) 531 - 539 2019.05 [Refereed] [International journal]

BACKGROUND: Parents often struggle against the negativism of 3-year-old children in exerting parental control. Although most research on parental control is from western cultures, Japanese mothers may face unique challenges because of their sociocultural background. We therefore explored mothers' challenges in exerting parental control over 3-year-old children in Japan. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted. The participants were 10 Japanese mothers with children aged 3-4 years. We conducted individual semistructured interviews and analysed the data via qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: We found four categories and a structure of the challenges mothers faced in exerting parental control. Mothers' control attempts had four main intentions, each with a different subject (i.e., the children, themselves, the family, and society). Most challenges with parental control stemmed from mothers' "consciousness of parental responsibility." In confronting the child in their attempts to exert parental control, mothers perceived a "struggle with the child's negativism," which led them to recognize that they could not find a correct method of discipline. Furthermore, in the face of conflicting roles, mothers experienced "confusion in seeking the righteous answer as a parent." Some mothers began to feel that they were discovering their maternal role in their own way rather than finding a correct answer, which formed a "conviction that my own parenting is not incorrect." CONCLUSIONS: The challenges mothers faced in exerting parental control over their 3-year-old children served as a turning point for them to reflect on themselves as parents. However, due to societal monitoring of parents and mothers' multiple roles in the family, it can be difficult for mothers to fully overcome the challenges of parental control. It is necessary to foster social capital in the community to which the mother belongs and to create an atmosphere in which community members can watch over parents warmly.

DOI PubMed

症状が進行しつつある在宅パーキンソン病療養者がとらえる生活の中の主体性－生活に制限がみえ始めた時期に焦点をあてて－

山本恵梨子, 平野美千代

日本公衆衛生看護学会誌 8 ( 1 ) 2 - 11 2019.04 [Refereed]

Authorship： Corresponding author

修士課程における新たな公衆衛生看護学実習：現場との協働による構築

平野美千代, 水野芳子, 本田光, 佐伯和子

保健師教育 ( (一社)全国保健師教育機関協議会 ) 2 ( 1 ) 78 - 85 2018.05 [Refereed]

Authorship： Lead author , Corresponding author

目的:A大学院が実習施設との協働により構築した、修士課程の新たな公衆衛生看護学実習である、地区活動に関する実習と公衆衛生看護管理に関する実習について、その構築過程を報告する。方法:大学院と施設との協働による実習内容と指導体制の構築過程を記述し、実習指導者らに大学院の実習を受けるにあたっての考えや実習指導を経験したことでのメリット等について、半構造化面接を実施した。分析は、記述内容は時間軸で整理し、インタビュー内容は質的記述的分析を行った。結果・考察:地区活動を展開する実習では、エスノグラフィーを用いた地区活動を通して、学生が住民等と健康課題を共有するのが特徴であり、この活動は学生の自立した学習活動と理論やエビデンスを用いた実践により効果が見えた。公衆衛生看護管理に関する実習では、広域的・包括的な活動や組織的・管理的な活動を通して、公衆衛生看護管理の機能と要素を学習するのが特徴であり、既習の実習における保健師の基本的な活動の理解が生かされていた。(著者抄録)

実習施設との協働による実践能力向上を目指した修士課程における公衆衛生看護学実習構築のプロセス：学士課程をもとに再構築した実習

平野美千代, 佐伯和子, 本田光, 水野芳子

日本公衆衛生看護学会誌 ( (一社)日本公衆衛生看護学会 ) 6 ( 3 ) 288 - 296 2017.12 [Refereed]

Authorship： Lead author , Corresponding author

目的:実践能力向上を目指したA大学院の公衆衛生看護学実習構築のプロセスを明らかにし、修士課程における実習のあり方を検討することを目的とする。方法:A大学院と実習施設の協働による実習内容と指導体制の構築過程を記述し、実習指導者らに半構造化面接を実施した。分析は、記述内容は時間軸で整理しインタビュー内容は質的記述的分析を行った。結果・考察:個人・家族を対象にした実習は、継続訪問を行い担当事例のケアを責任をもち引き継ぐこと、個別支援のための地域アセスメントが特徴であった。地域、社会システムを対象にした実習では、地域アセスメントに基づく事業計画立案・実施・評価は、現場の保健師の実践にも即役立つ内容であった。一方、個人・家族、地域、社会システムを連動、発展させる効果的な実習方法が課題となった。両施設の協働に関しては、実習内容や学生の状況の共有、指導の方向性の明確化、保健師活動の本質を丁寧に話し合うことの重要性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

3歳児の養育における統制場面でのスマートフォン使用に関する母親の認識

大西竜太, 平野美千代, 佐伯和子

日本公衆衛生看護学会誌 ( 日本公衆衛生看護学会編集委員会 ) 6 ( 3 ) 240 - 248 2017.12 [Refereed]

目的:3歳児の養育における統制場面でのスマホ使用に関する母親の認識を明らかにする。方法:3歳児の統制場面でのスマホ使用について20〜30代の母親10名に対し半構造化面接を実施し、質的記述的分析によりカテゴリーを抽出した。結果:母親は【スマホは子どもの育ちと親役割を奪う存在だ】、【スマホは頼れる「お守り」として私と子どもを支えてくれる】、【便利なスマホは私にとって魅力的である】と統制場面でのスマホの特徴を認識していた。また、【親としてスマホを管理する責任がある】、【スマホが存在する中での親としての在り方と向き合う】という親としての意志を認識していた。考察:スマホは親子への問題性がありながらも、統制の補助手段として有効かつ母親にとって魅力的なツールであった。親子にとってのスマホの良し悪しを踏まえ、母親がスマホをコントロールしながら使うためには、親としての意志の持ち方が重要と考えられる。(著者抄録)

都市部在住高齢者の介護予防教室への参加意義と生活への認識の関連

宮田莉英, 平野美千代, 佐伯和子

日本公衆衛生看護学会誌 ( (一社)日本公衆衛生看護学会 ) 6 ( 3 ) 249 - 257 2017.12 [Refereed]

Authorship： Corresponding author

目的:介護予防教室に参加する高齢者の教室参加意義と生活への認識の関連を明らかにする。方法:A市の介護予防教室へ通う高齢者378名を対象に、無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施した。調査内容は、基本属性、介護予防教室への参加意義(以下、参加意義)、生活への認識で構成した。分析は、因子分析および多重ロジスティック回帰分析を用いた。結果:調査票は回収314名、有効回効率75.4%であった。参加意義は【自己成長の促進】、【心身社会的側面への刺激】、生活への認識は【精神・社会的充実】、【健康志向】が抽出された。各参加意義には生活への認識【健康志向】(OR=15.7、OR=3.85)が有意に関連し、【自己成長の促進】には生活への認識【精神・社会的充実】(OR=1.12)が有意に関連した。考察:参加意義は生活への認識のとらえと関連があることから、高齢者の生活の認識にも着目して、介護予防教室を展開していく必要がある。(著者抄録)

Social activities of older men who require daily support and the purpose of such activities.

Michiyo Hirano, Kazuko Saeki, Izumi Ueda, Hikaru Honda, Yoshiko Mizuno

[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health 64 ( 1 ) 14 - 24 2017 [Refereed] [Domestic journal]

Authorship： Lead author , Corresponding author

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the social activities of older men who require daily support, and to clarify the purpose of such activities, in order to develop effective living support and preventive long-term care service, suitable for this population.Methods Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 older men. Data were analyzed using inductive and qualitative methods.Results Four categories of social activities were identified, and four categories of purposes of these social activities were extracted. The following were the identified social activities: maintenance of "comfortable relationships with others," including family, relatives, friends, and neighbors; "participation and use of services and programs with clear objectives and relationships with others," such as long-term care insurance system services, clubs for the elderly, and hobby groups; maintenance of "relationships with former colleagues, depending on their experience of working with them," where some individuals actively participated in gatherings with former colleagues, while others did not keep in touch at all; and participation in "activities to enrich their feelings and quality of life within their living space," such as reading, watching TV, and doing household chores. The purposes of the observed social activities were to build "relationships with society through communication with other people" and to have a "sense of security by spending time with people of the same age and with those older than them." Hence, participants engaged in clubs for the elderly, as well as in hobby groups. In addition, participants made time for exercising regularly, which maintained their cognitive function and was intended for the "maintenance and activation of their physical functions by continuing to exercise," and "continuing to learn by thinking." Furthermore, participants engaged in the exercise or hobby groups that they were interested in, in order to "utilize their time in a meaningful way" that lead to pleasure and enjoyment.Conclusion The following were the characteristics of the observed social activities: (1) the activities helped participants to maintain relationships with their coworkers, (2) participants had comfortable relationships with others, with these relationships exhibiting different levels (i.e. intimate relationships or casual), and (3) participants actively followed current events. They have clear purpose join and participate in social activities. In addition, it is suggested that this population engage in social activities to enrich physical function and overall quality of life.

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